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DEN 7108 Micro and Immuno Concepts Part II > Parasitology > Flashcards

Parasitology Flashcards

1
Q

____ within host

A

Endoparasites

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2
Q

Unlike bacterial and viral infections, parasitic infections are often ____

A

Chronic (lasting months to years)

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3
Q

Most parasites (>90%) are ____

A

Protozoan (single celled)

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4
Q

____ cause 80-90% of parasitic infections

A

Protozoa

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5
Q

Name 6 protozoa that cause disease

A
  • Entamoeba histolytica
  • Entamoeba gingivalis
  • Trichomonas tenax
  • Giardia lamblia
  • Balantinium coli
  • Cryptosporidium parvum
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6
Q

Which phase of protozoa is for feeding?

A

Trophozoite

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7
Q

Which phase of protozoa is infective?

A

Cyst

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8
Q

E. histolytica infection route

A

Fecal-oral

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9
Q

E. histolytica causes what disease?

A

Amoebic dysentary

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10
Q

DOC for E. histolytica

A

Metronidazole

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11
Q

E. gingivalis route of infection

A

Oral-oral (kissing, sharing eating utensils)

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12
Q

T. tenax infects the ___

A

Mouth

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13
Q

T. vaginalis infects the ____

A

GU tract

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14
Q

What is the name of the disease that Trichomonas causes?

A

Trichomoniasis

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15
Q

What is the most common US parasitic infection?

A

Trichomoniasis

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16
Q

DOC for Trichomonas

A

Metronidazole

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17
Q

____ lacks cyst phase

A

T. tenax

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18
Q

Giardia lamblia is a ____

A

Diplomonad

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19
Q

G. lamblia DOC

A

Metronidazole

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20
Q

____ showers in stool

A

Giardia

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21
Q

Giardia causes what disease?

A

Giardiasis

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22
Q

Symptoms of GIardiasis

A
  • Protein malabsorption
  • Persistent bad breath
  • Belching that smells of sulfur
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23
Q

Giardiasis is a problem for:

A

Immunocompromised

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24
Q

What is the only pathogenic ciliated protozoa sp.?

A

B. coli

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25
Q

B. coli causes what disease?

A

Balantidiasis

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26
Q

DOC for B. coli

A

Metronidazole

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27
Q

____ causes secondary liver infection

A

B. coli

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28
Q

Cryptosporidiosis is caused by what 2 protozoa?

A
  • C. parvum
  • C. hominis
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29
Q

Crysptosporidium host and reservoir can be:

A

Humans

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30
Q

Cryptosporidium spores (cysts) are resistant to:

A
  • Chlorine disinfection
  • UV
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31
Q

Name 2 infective Plasmodium species

A
  • P. falciparum
  • P. vivax
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32
Q

What does Plasmodium cause?

A

Malarial disease

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33
Q

____ causes deadly malaria

A

P. falciparum

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34
Q

____ causes recurrent malaria

A

P. vivax

35
Q

What is the vector for Plasmodium?

A

Female anopheles mosquito

36
Q

Plasmodium is a _____ parasite

A

Obligate intracellular

37
Q

Plasmodium requires ____ hosts

A

2 (Female Anopheles mosquito, then human)

38
Q

Plasmodium sporozoites infect the ____

A

Liver

39
Q

Plasmodium merozoites infect the ____

A

RBC’s

40
Q

Malaria can cause what kind of fevers?

A
  • Tertian fever (every third day, after 48 hours)
  • Quartan fever (every 4th day, after 72 hours)
41
Q

Malaria symptoms

A
  • Anemia
  • Pallor of oral mucosa
  • Jaundice
42
Q

Diagnosis of malaria requires:

A

Blood smear

43
Q

Malaria DOC

A

Chloroquine (inhibits DNA gyrase)

44
Q

Chloroquine (CQ) and HCQ are also known as:

A

Zinc ionophores

45
Q

Zinc non-specifically inhibits:

A

Viral RNA dependent RNA polymerase

46
Q

Toxoplasma gondii is a ____ parasite

A

Intracellular

47
Q

T. gondii ultimate host

A

Cat

48
Q

True or false: T. gondii has only sexual reproduction

A

False - both asexual and sexual

49
Q

T. gondii zygotes are released as oocysts in ____

A

Feces

50
Q

T. gondii enter macrophages and monocytes and become ____. In the brain and muscle, they become ____

A

Tachyzoites; bradyzoites

51
Q

T. gondii route of transmission

A

Consumption of contaminated meat (cats, pigs, pork chop)

52
Q

Toxoplasmosis causes more severe symptoms in ____, such as ____

A

Immunocompromised; toxoplasma encephalitis

53
Q

Toxoplasmosis in pregnancy can cause:

A

Early infection (less common, more serious)

54
Q

Toxoplasmosis DOC
If pregnant?

A

pyrimethamine; spiramycin

55
Q

T. cruzi is a ____

A

Trypanosome

56
Q

T. cruzi causes what disease?

A

Chagas’ disease

57
Q

T. brucei causes ____

A

African sleeping sickness

58
Q

____ cause buccal necrosis

A

Trypanosomes

59
Q

Leishmaniasis incubation period

A

Weeks to year

60
Q

Leishmaniasis causes ____ vs. ____ disease. Name 3

A
  • Cutaneous vs. visceral
  • Persistent oral/nasal lesions
  • Persistent hemorrhagic gingiva
  • Periodontitis, tooth exfoliation
61
Q

Leishmaniasis promastigotes are phagocytized by ____

A

Macrophage (rupture macrophage)

62
Q

N. fowleri causes what disease?

A

PAM (Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis)

63
Q

Most common sign of helminthic infection

A

Eosinophilia

64
Q

Helminth treatments often include:

A

Mebendazole

65
Q

____ fight against helminthic infections

A

Eosinophils

66
Q

Helminthic infection - what do IgA and IgM do?

A

Coat eggs and helminths to prevent new adherence and further colonization

67
Q

Helminthic infection - what does IgE do?

A

DIstinct response to adherent helminths

68
Q

Eosinophils, basophils, mast cells found in high concentrations where in the body?

A
  • Skin
  • Respiratory tract
  • GI tract
69
Q

FCeRI degranulation releases:

A
  • Major basic protein
  • Eosinophil cationic protein
70
Q

What is the most common helminthic infection worldwide?

A

Ascaris lumbricoides (largest parasitic nematode)

71
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides DOC

A

Mebendazole

72
Q

Trichinella spiralis is a nematode known as:

A

Roundworm

73
Q

Ascaris is known as ____

A

Roundworm

74
Q

____ is the smallest human nematode

A

Trichinella spiralis

75
Q

Trichinella spiralis causes what disease?

A

Trichonosis (pork worm)

76
Q

Trichinella spiralis DOC

A

Mebendazole

77
Q

Enterobius vermicularis is a nematode known as:

A

Pinworm

78
Q

What is the most common helminthic infection in the US?

A

Enterobius vermicularis

79
Q

Enterobius vermicularis causes:

A

Daycare itch

80
Q

Trichuris Trichiuria is a nematode called ____

A

Whipworm

81
Q

What is Taenia?

A

Cestode known as tapeworm

82
Q

You can get Trematode by eating:

A

Undercooked fish, crabs, crayfish

83
Q

____ is the common liver fluke

A

Fasciola hepatica

84
Q

Fasciola hepatica cause disease where?

A

Liver, gallbladder, bile duct

DEN 7108 Micro and Immuno Concepts Part II (27 decks)

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