Parasitology Flashcards
1
Q
____ within host
A
Endoparasites
2
Q
Unlike bacterial and viral infections, parasitic infections are often ____
A
Chronic (lasting months to years)
3
Q
Most parasites (>90%) are ____
A
Protozoan (single celled)
4
Q
____ cause 80-90% of parasitic infections
A
Protozoa
5
Q
Name 6 protozoa that cause disease
A
- Entamoeba histolytica
- Entamoeba gingivalis
- Trichomonas tenax
- Giardia lamblia
- Balantinium coli
- Cryptosporidium parvum
6
Q
Which phase of protozoa is for feeding?
A
Trophozoite
7
Q
Which phase of protozoa is infective?
A
Cyst
8
Q
E. histolytica infection route
A
Fecal-oral
9
Q
E. histolytica causes what disease?
A
Amoebic dysentary
10
Q
DOC for E. histolytica
A
Metronidazole
11
Q
E. gingivalis route of infection
A
Oral-oral (kissing, sharing eating utensils)
12
Q
T. tenax infects the ___
A
Mouth
13
Q
T. vaginalis infects the ____
A
GU tract
14
Q
What is the name of the disease that Trichomonas causes?
A
Trichomoniasis
15
Q
What is the most common US parasitic infection?
A
Trichomoniasis
16
Q
DOC for Trichomonas
A
Metronidazole
17
Q
____ lacks cyst phase
A
T. tenax
18
Q
Giardia lamblia is a ____
A
Diplomonad
19
Q
G. lamblia DOC
A
Metronidazole
20
Q
____ showers in stool
A
Giardia
21
Q
Giardia causes what disease?
A
Giardiasis
22
Q
Symptoms of GIardiasis
A
- Protein malabsorption
- Persistent bad breath
- Belching that smells of sulfur
23
Q
Giardiasis is a problem for:
A
Immunocompromised
24
Q
What is the only pathogenic ciliated protozoa sp.?
A
B. coli
25
B. coli causes what disease?
Balantidiasis
26
DOC for B. coli
Metronidazole
27
____ causes secondary liver infection
B. coli
28
Cryptosporidiosis is caused by what 2 protozoa?
- C. parvum
- C. hominis
29
Crysptosporidium host and reservoir can be:
Humans
30
Cryptosporidium spores (cysts) are resistant to:
- Chlorine disinfection
- UV
31
Name 2 infective Plasmodium species
- P. falciparum
- P. vivax
32
What does Plasmodium cause?
Malarial disease
33
____ causes deadly malaria
P. falciparum
34
____ causes recurrent malaria
P. vivax
35
What is the vector for Plasmodium?
Female anopheles mosquito
36
Plasmodium is a _____ parasite
Obligate intracellular
37
Plasmodium requires ____ hosts
2 (Female Anopheles mosquito, then human)
38
Plasmodium sporozoites infect the ____
Liver
39
Plasmodium merozoites infect the ____
RBC's
40
Malaria can cause what kind of fevers?
- Tertian fever (every third day, after 48 hours)
- Quartan fever (every 4th day, after 72 hours)
41
Malaria symptoms
- Anemia
- Pallor of oral mucosa
- Jaundice
42
Diagnosis of malaria requires:
Blood smear
43
Malaria DOC
Chloroquine (inhibits DNA gyrase)
44
Chloroquine (CQ) and HCQ are also known as:
Zinc ionophores
45
Zinc non-specifically inhibits:
Viral RNA dependent RNA polymerase
46
Toxoplasma gondii is a ____ parasite
Intracellular
47
T. gondii ultimate host
Cat
48
True or false: T. gondii has only sexual reproduction
False - both asexual and sexual
49
T. gondii zygotes are released as oocysts in ____
Feces
50
T. gondii enter macrophages and monocytes and become ____. In the brain and muscle, they become ____
Tachyzoites; bradyzoites
51
T. gondii route of transmission
Consumption of contaminated meat (cats, pigs, pork chop)
52
Toxoplasmosis causes more severe symptoms in ____, such as ____
Immunocompromised; toxoplasma encephalitis
53
Toxoplasmosis in pregnancy can cause:
Early infection (less common, more serious)
54
Toxoplasmosis DOC
If pregnant?
pyrimethamine; spiramycin
55
T. cruzi is a ____
Trypanosome
56
T. cruzi causes what disease?
Chagas' disease
57
T. brucei causes ____
African sleeping sickness
58
____ cause buccal necrosis
Trypanosomes
59
Leishmaniasis incubation period
Weeks to year
60
Leishmaniasis causes ____ vs. ____ disease. Name 3
- Cutaneous vs. visceral
- Persistent oral/nasal lesions
- Persistent hemorrhagic gingiva
- Periodontitis, tooth exfoliation
61
Leishmaniasis promastigotes are phagocytized by ____
Macrophage (rupture macrophage)
62
N. fowleri causes what disease?
PAM (Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis)
63
Most common sign of helminthic infection
Eosinophilia
64
Helminth treatments often include:
Mebendazole
65
____ fight against helminthic infections
Eosinophils
66
Helminthic infection - what do IgA and IgM do?
Coat eggs and helminths to prevent new adherence and further colonization
67
Helminthic infection - what does IgE do?
DIstinct response to adherent helminths
68
Eosinophils, basophils, mast cells found in high concentrations where in the body?
- Skin
- Respiratory tract
- GI tract
69
FCeRI degranulation releases:
- Major basic protein
- Eosinophil cationic protein
70
What is the most common helminthic infection worldwide?
Ascaris lumbricoides (largest parasitic nematode)
71
Ascaris lumbricoides DOC
Mebendazole
72
Trichinella spiralis is a nematode known as:
Roundworm
73
Ascaris is known as ____
Roundworm
74
____ is the smallest human nematode
Trichinella spiralis
75
Trichinella spiralis causes what disease?
Trichonosis (pork worm)
76
Trichinella spiralis DOC
Mebendazole
77
Enterobius vermicularis is a nematode known as:
Pinworm
78
What is the most common helminthic infection in the US?
Enterobius vermicularis
79
Enterobius vermicularis causes:
Daycare itch
80
Trichuris Trichiuria is a nematode called ____
Whipworm
81
What is Taenia?
Cestode known as tapeworm
82
You can get Trematode by eating:
Undercooked fish, crabs, crayfish
83
____ is the common liver fluke
Fasciola hepatica
84
Fasciola hepatica cause disease where?
Liver, gallbladder, bile duct
