1/9 Kingsley Dentoalveolar Infections Flashcards
What are dentoalveolar infections?
Pyogenic (___) infections associated with ____ and surrounding/supporting structures, including ____
Pus; teeth; periodontium and alveolar bone
Pulpitis
Inflammation of dental pulp tissue
Pulpitis is mainly caused by:
Bacterial infections, secondary to caries development
Causes of pulpitis
- dental caries
- traumatic tooth fracture
- bruxism
- traumatic dental treatment
- periodontitis in gingival crevice
- blood supply problem
Two types of pulpitis
- reversible
- irreversible
Reversible pulpitis involves ____ pulp which ____ responds to carious lesion
Inflamed; actively
Reversible pulpitis symptoms
Transient sharp, localized pain (hot, cold, sweet)
When reversible pulpitis is treated, pulp remains
Vital
Irreversible pulpitis symptoms
Dull throbbing pain without stimulus
____ does not subside quickly and may be difficult to localize
Irreversible pulpitis
True or false: irreversible pulpitis rarely requires intervention via endodontics and extraction
False - typically requires
____ is known as a pulp polyp
Chronic hyperplastic pulpitis
Pulp polyp usually occurs in:
- deciduous molars
- permanent first molars
Pulp polyps are reversible or irreversible?
Irreversible
Three main types of dentoalveolar abscesses
- periapical abscess
- periodontal abscess
- pericoronitis
Periapical abscess is most common among:
Children and teenagers (kids that have not been to the dentist in a long time)
Periodontal abscess is most common among:
Adults and elderly
_____ is a complication of pulpitis
Periapical abscess
____ is a complication of periodontitis, pocket trauma, periapical periodontitis
Periodontal abscess
Pericoronitis is an infection of:
Operculum covering impacted or partially erupted third molar
Apical periodontitis or periapical abscess is located at:
Tip (apex) of root
____ is common with a periapical abscess
Apical radiolucency
In a periapical abscess, ____ usually precedes any ____
Pain; swelling
Periapical abscess: intraoral dental sinus may occur, also known as ____ or _____
Parulis; gumboil
Periodontal abscess usually begins in a:
Periodontal pocket
Most common dental abscess among adults and in elderly
Periodontal abscess
Periodontal abscess is a complication of:
Periodontitis
_____ is associated with periodontal abscess
Deep periodontal pocket
Periodontal abscess symptoms
- Swelling, redness, tenderness of gingiva overlying abscess
- pain continuous or related to biting
In a periodontal abscess, ____ usually precedes any ____
Swelling; pain
A periodontal abscess may remain localized in:
Periodontal tissues
What is an operculum?
Soft tissue covering partially erupted tooth
Pericoronitis is a bacterial infection beneath _____
Operculum
Pericoronitis is associated with:
- Partially erupted or impacted third molars
- most commonly mandibular third molars
Dental abscesses are usually ____ in nature
Polymicrobial (may differ between periapical and periodontal abscess)
In a periodontal abscess, ____ predominates
Strict anaerobes
Treatment for dental abscess
- simple drainage indicated
- Antibiotics
DOC for dental abscess
- Penicillin
- Metronidazole
In treating a dental abscess, if the tooth can be restored, _____ therapy is indicated. Otherwise _____
Endodontic; extraction
Complications of dental abscess
- dentocutaneous fistula
- cellulitis
- spread from maxillary teeth
- spread from mandibular teeth
If a dental abscess from maxillary teeth spreads, what problems can occur?
- purulent maxillary sinusitis
- infraorbital/orbital cellulitis
- cavernous sinus thrombosis
If a dental abscess from mandibular teeth spreads, what problems can occur?
- osteomyelitis
- Ludwig’s angina
- cervicofacial actinomycosis (lumpy jaw)
_____ is an abnormal pathway between cutaneous surface of the face and oral cavity and is a rare complication of untreated dental abscess
Dentocutaneous fistula
____ is a bacterial infection involving the layers of the skin
Cellulitis
Infraorbital cellulitis can occur due to spread from _____. Bacterial infection spreads via ____ sinuses
Maxillary teeth (canine); paranasal (maxillary)
Cavernous sinus thrombosis can occur due to spread from ___
Maxillary teeth
Symptoms of cavernous sinus thrombosis
- unilateral periorbital edema
- CN 6 palsy
- proptosis (protrusion of eyeball)
Cavernous sinus thrombosis is almost always ____
Unilateral
Osteomyelitis occurs due to spread from _____
Mandibular teeth
Osteomyelitis is also known as:
Osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ)
True or false: osteomyelitis is relatively rare, thanks to antibiotics
True
Osteomyelitis is more common in the ____ than the ____
Mandible; maxilla
Common pathogens that cause osteomyelitis
Anaerobes (Tannerella, Prevotella, Porphyromonas)
Osteomyelitis of long bones is caused by:
S. aureus
Ludwig’s angina is caused due to bacterial spread from _____
Mandibular teeth
Ludwig’s angina is also called:
Angina ludovici
_____ causes serious, life-threatening cellulitis which closes the throat
Ludwig’s angina
Ludwig’s angina is recognized as a ____
Serious infection (oral surgery emergency)
_____ is also known as lumpy jaw
Actinomycosis
Cervicofacial actinomycosis is often associated with:
chronic abscess commonly at angle of the mandible (mandibular first molars)
Actinomyces israelii, naeslundii, and viscosus are all:
Gram-positive bacilli
