1/24 Kingsley Basic Virology Concepts - Cytopathology

Question 1

Cell lysis or rupture is due to _____ viral infection

Answer 1

Naked (non-enveloped)

Question 2

Cell lysis due to naked viruses cause:

Answer 2

Viral plaques

Question 3

Viral plaques occur due to ____ effect

Answer 3

Cytopathic effect

Question 4

Viral release by budding involves what proteins?

Answer 4

Early and late proteins

Question 5

Viral release by budding involves late proteins such as _____

Answer 5

Envelope proteins

Question 6

Function of envelope proteins

Answer 6

• bind nucleocapsid
• triggers conformational change
• budding and release

Question 7

What is a virion?

Answer 7

Infective viral particle outside of cell

Question 8

Once virus has been released by cell, it is termed:

Answer 8

Virion

Question 9

What is a syncytia?

Answer 9

• Viral-induced fusion of neighboring cells
• giant, multi-nucleated cells

Question 10

A syncytia is characteristic of:

Answer 10

Some enveloped viruses

Question 11

Once enveloped viruses are released from a cell, they may induce the formation of a ____

Answer 11

syncytia

Question 12

RNA virus replication occurs in:

Answer 12

Cytoplasm

Question 13

RNA viruses can form _____ during replication, including:

Answer 13

cytoplasmic inclusion bodies; Rhabdovirus (rabies)

Question 14

Negri bodies are _____ which are formed by what virus?

Answer 14

Inclusion bodies; Rhabdovirus (rabies)

Question 15

DNA viruses replication occurs in:

Answer 15

nucleus

Question 16

DNA viruses can form _____ during replication, including:

Answer 16

intranuclear inclusions; Herpes simplex virus and cytomegalovirus

Question 17

Inclusions formed by herpes simplex virus can be seen in:

Answer 17

Tzank cell

Question 18

Inclusion bodies of cytomegalovirus (CMV) - characteristics

Answer 18

• prominent chromatin margination
• halo surrounds inclusion “Owl’s eye”

Question 19

Antibody associated with acute infection

Answer 19

IgM

Question 20

Antibody associated with chronic infection

Answer 20

IgG

Question 21

____ are associated with mucosal areas

Answer 21

IgM and IgA

Question 22

_____ are associated with serum

Answer 22

IgM, IgG (MALT and lymph nodes where IgM class switches to IgG)

Question 23

If viral infection occurs, this allows for _____ pathway and are presented on _____

Answer 23

Endogenous; MHC Class I

Question 24

MHC Class I presents to _____, which releases:

Answer 24

CD8 T-cells; perforins and granzymes

Question 25

Perforins function

Answer 25

Creates pores in cell membrane

Question 26

Granzyme function

Answer 26

Induce apoptosis

Question 27

Viral replication and accumulation of naked viruses may disrupt cellular structure and organelles, and causes:

Answer 27

Autolysis (cells pop themselves)

Question 28

Immunolysis

Answer 28

Host defense pops cells

Question 29

Immunolysis is mediated by what cell types?

Answer 29

• NK cells (loss of MHC I)
• CD8+ T-cells

Question 30

Viral recombination may occur between:

Answer 30

Highly related viruses

Question 31

Viral recombination may create:

Answer 31

entirely new strain or virus

Question 32

Viral pseudotypes may result from:

Answer 32

viral recombination

Question 33

Viral pseudotypes are ____ and contain ____

Answer 33

Genetically mixed; different viral types

Example: capsid with 2 types of viruses inside

Question 34

Transcapsidation

Answer 34

genome of one type, capsid of another type

Question 35

What is a prodrome?

Answer 35

• beginning of infection
• not yet developed whole syndrome
• non-specific symptoms

Question 36

Cytopathogenesis involves what types of infections?

Answer 36

• abortive infections
• cytolytic infections
• persistent infections

Question 37

Abortive infections involve:

Answer 37

• procapsid, non-functional mutants
• non-permissive cell

Question 38

Cytolytic infections result in:

Answer 38

cell death

Question 39

Characteristics of persistent infections

Answer 39

• latent
• non-lytic
• transforming
• recurrent

Question 40

Transcapsidation is a ____ type of _____

Answer 40

rare; pseudotype