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DEN 7108 Micro and Immuno Concepts Part II > 1/9 Endodontic Kingsley Microbiology and Immunology > Flashcards

1/9 Endodontic Kingsley Microbiology and Immunology Flashcards

1
Q

Infection pathways to reach dental pulp include:

A
  • dentinal tubules through carious lesions
  • open cavity (direct pulp exposure)
  • periodontal membrane
  • bloodstream (anachoresis)
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2
Q

Porphyromonas species are _____ and _______

A

“red complex” periodontal and endodontic pathogens

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3
Q

Porphyromonas classification

A
  • Gram-negative
  • non-motile
  • anaerobic
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4
Q

Porphyromonas spp produce ____ which converts hemoglobin to ______

A

Hemolysin; black pigment

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5
Q

Porphyromonas spp - virulence factors

A
  • LPS (endotoxin), causes inflammation
  • fimbriae (adhesion)
  • capsular polysaccharide (anti-phagocytic)
  • gingipains
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6
Q

What are gingipains?

A

Proteases that induce proinflammatory breakdown of periodontal tissues

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7
Q

Red complex high risk pathogens

A
  • Porphyromonas spp.
  • Treponema spp.
  • Tannerella forsythia
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8
Q

Treponema spp - classification

A
  • Gram-negative
  • anaerobic
  • spirochete (motile)
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9
Q

Treponema spp. - virulence factors

A
  • resistant to human beta defensins
  • LPS (endotoxin), causes inflammation
  • coaggregation with P. gingivalis to stimulate gingipain production
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10
Q

Treponema spp. coaggregate with P. gingivalis to stimulate ____ production

A

Gingipain

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11
Q

Where are beta defensins found?

A

In saliva and blood (susceptible to complement)

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12
Q

HBD1 or DEFB1 rs11362 is associated with:

A

High DMFT scores

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13
Q

Tannerella forsythia - classification

A
  • Gram-negative
  • fusiform
  • anaerobic
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14
Q

____ is strongly associated with smoking

A

Tannerella forsythia

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15
Q

Tannerella forsythia - virulence factors

A
  • LPS (inflammation)
  • BspA
  • glycosidases
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16
Q

Tannerella forsythia can cause endodontal infection with what kind of presentation?

A
  • “pink tooth” - chronic pulpal inflammation leading to internal tooth resorption
  • caused by BspA
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17
Q

MUC7 gene 6/6 has ____ caries risk

A

Increased

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18
Q

Tannerella glycosidases degrade ____ which expose _____

A

Proteoglycans; adhesion sites

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19
Q

Orange complex - moderate risk pathogens

A
  • Prevotella spp.
  • Fusobacterium spp.
  • Gram positive anaerobic rods
  • Gram positive cocci
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20
Q

Endodontic microbiota - gram positive anaerobic rods examples

A
  • Actinomyces spp.
  • Eubacterium spp.
  • Slacka exigua
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21
Q

Endodontic microbiota - gram positive cocci example

A

Streptococcus spp.

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22
Q

Prevotella species are ____ microbes

A

Black pigmented, “orange complex”

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23
Q

Prevotella sp. classification

A
  • gram-negative
  • anaerobic
  • coccobacilli
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24
Q

Prevotella contains ____ which converts hemoglobin to _____

A

Hemolysin; black pigment

25
Prevotella spp. virulence factors
- Elastin serine protease - Interpain A - IgA protease - IgG protease (IgG3)
26
Prevotella spp. contain interpain A which is a ____ and its function is to ____
cysteine proteinase; degrade complement C3
27
Selective IgA deficiency has _____ caries risk
Increased
28
Prevotella spp. proteases degrade:
IgA and IgG
29
Fusobacterium spp. classification
- Gram-negative - anaerobic - fusiform
30
____ is a bridge species between early and late colonizers
Fusobacterium spp.
31
______ has a corn cob formation
Fusobacterium spp (F. nucleatum)
32
Fusobacterium spp. virulence factors
- multiple adhesins - **FadA** - stimulates inflammation which may promote **internal resorption** - **fipA** or **FIP**
33
Fusobacterium spp. produces FadA which:
Binds host cells and allows pericellular invasion (sticks between cells)
34
Fusobacterium spp. produce fipA or FIP which:
Inhibits T-cell activation (immunosuppressive protein)
35
Fusobacterium spp: HTLV and HIV decrease _____
T-cell function
36
Eubacterium is a ____ between early and late colonizers
bridge species
37
Eubacterium has a ____ formation
corn cob (E. yurii)
38
Eubacterium virulence factors
- adhesion factors - butyric acid fermentation
39
Eubacterium promotes fermentation of ____ which _____
Butyric acid; inhibits wound healing (fibroblast proliferation)
40
____ causes cervicofacial actinomycosis also known as "lumpy jaw"
Actinomyces spp.
41
Actinomyces spp virulence factors
- fimbriae bind PRPs and statherin - acid production (causes carious lesions)
42
Actinomyces is typically found in:
Persistent and extraradicular infections
43
True or false: Actinomyces is often found in early stages of endodontic infection
False - rarely
44
PRH2 _____ caries risk
increases
45
Statherin SNP (deletion) ____ caries risk
Increases
46
Actinomyces spp. fimbriae preferentially bind:
PRPs and statherin
47
Slacka exigua is a _____ in endodontic infections
Gram positive anaerobic rod
48
Regarding Slacka exigua, genetics suggest:
Butyric acid fermentation is a virulence factor
49
Other endodontic microbiota
- Dialister spp. - Candida albicans
50
Dialister spp is recovered from ____ and is found in ___ of endodontic infection
Deep periodontal pockets; 50%
51
____ distinguishes different species of yeast
Pagano-levin agar
52
Most common cause of denture stomatitis
Candida albicans
53
Most common factor underlying C. albicans infection
Broad spectrum antibiotics
54
Candida albicans appearance
Creamy (smooth) white lesions
55
Candida albicans location
- surface of tongue - roof of mouth
56
True or false: oral candidiasis is easily removed
True
57
Which bacteria produce hemolysin?
- P. gingivalis - Prevotella sp.
58
What is BspA?
- basic surface protein for adhesions - stimulates host production of bone resorptive cytokines (IL-6), TNF (monocytes)

DEN 7108 Micro and Immuno Concepts Part II (27 decks)

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