Exam 3 Hepatitis A, E Flashcards
HAV is part of what family?
PicoRNAviridae
____ is called an enterovirus due to fecal-oral transmission
HAV
HAV structure
Naked, icosahedral, + ssRNA virus
What enzyme does HAV use?
RNA dependent RNA polymerase
HAV incubation period
2-6 weeks
____ makes p 40% of all viral hepatitis cases
HAV
HAV causes ___ illness but no _____
Acute; chronic infection
HAV risk factors
- Fecal-oral direct contact with those infected
- eating contaminated food (contaminated water, raw shellfish)
What two things are needed for HAV diagnosis?
- discrete acute symptom onset
- Elevated total bilirubin and ALT (alanine aminotransferase)
70% of HCV infections in _____ are asymptomatic. If symptomatic, young children typically do not have ___
Children < 6 years old; jaundice
Does HAV have a carrier/chronic state?
No
Which antibodies can be detected in HAV infection?
IgM and IgG
___ is seen in acute HAV infection. ____ is seen in people who have had a prior infection or recovering
IgM; IgG
HAV IgG antibodies confer:
Lifelong protection
HAV is usually ____ so does/does not require treatment
Self-limiting; does not
Prevention of HAV
- Immunization with Hepatitis A vaccine, combined HAV/HBV for age 18+
- HAIg (immune globulin) for short term protection
Hepatitis A outbreak in Las Vegas - 7,000 Hep A vaccinations administered at _____ and those with _____
Homeless encampments and shelters; substance use disorder
HEV transmission is through
Fecal oral (similar to HAV)
HEV can cause acute infections, but one genotype can cause ____
Chronic
HEV mortality is ____ than HAV
10x higher
HEV structure
Naked, icosahedral, ssRNA
HEV modes of transmission
- Poor water and environmental sanitation
- undercooked meat
HEV genotypes ____ can infect humans
1-4
HEV genotype 3 can cause ____ cases in _____ patients
Chronic; organ transplant patients who are on immunosuppressive drugs
HEV incubation
2-8 weeks
HEV can severely affect:
Pregnant women
HEV IgG provides ____ cross protection
Some, but not immune against all genotypes
HEV prevention
- good water and environmental sanitation
- no effective vaccine
True or false: HEV is clinically distinguishable from other acute viral hepatitis
False (confirmation needed through IgM)
True or false: HEV is self-limiting but can be severe in pregnant women
True
Hepatitis E immune globulin prophylaxis efficacy is _____
Undetermined
