Exam 4 Coronaviruses Flashcards
Corona means:
Crown
What are the characteristics/structure of coronavirus?
- Large
- Enveloped
- ssRNA
What types of diseases does coronavirus generally cause?
- Respiratory
- Gastrointestinal
- Neurologic
What are the three pandemic strains of coronavirus?
- SARS or SARS-CoV
- MERS
- SARS-CoV-2 or COVID-19
What is SARS?
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (2002-2003)
What is MERS?
Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome (2012-2013)
What is SARS-CoV-2?
Novel coronavirus (2019-2020)
What does SARS-CoV-2 stand for?
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2
Coronavirus taxonomy is based on:
Genetic structure
The diseases that SARS-CoV-2 cause are called:
COVID-19
SARS-CoV mortality is ___%
10%
MERS-CoV vector
Dromedary camels (milk, meat, urine)
MERS-CoV mortality is ___%
34%
SARS-CoV-2 is a _____ disease caused by ____
Zoonitic; bats and pangolins
SARS-CoV-2 mortality rate
2%
Many infected by SARS-CoV-2 are _____
Asymptomatic
What is the number of COVID-19 deaths worldwide as of March 2024?
7,006,149
What is the number of COVID-19 deaths in the US?
1,184,376
SARS-CoV-2 test positivity (orange line) has remained _____ which is a marker of ______
Elevated; ongoing COVID-19 spread
COVID-19 deaths (blue) have _____
Declined substantially
What are some COVID-19 risk factors for death?
- Age 75 or older
- Pre-existing conditions (cancer, diabetes, asthma, heart, obesity, liver, kidney disease)
____ have high COVID-19 death rates
White/non-hispanic
Prevention strategies for COVID-19
- Masks (helpful)
- take added precaution for the next 5 days
What is no longer recommended as a prevention strategy for COVID-19?
Cleaning surfaces
What is Long COVID?
- Post-COVID-19 conditions
- Signs, symptoms, and conditions continue and can last months or even years after infection
What can happen as a result of long COVID?
Reactivation of pathogens, including herpesviruses such as Epstein-Barr virus
What percent of the US population completed a primary series of the vaccine (total)?
69.5%
Which group has the highest amount of people who completed a primary series of the vaccine?
65 years and older
SARS-CoV-2 Positive - Treatment
Antivirals such as Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir, molnupiravir, remdesivir
Recommended for 50 years and older or have an underlying medical condition
What are the methods of testing for COVID-19?
- PCR (gold standard)
- Antigen (rapid, inexpensive)
____ is not recommended to diagnose COVID-19 infection
Antibody (detect a previous infection)
