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DEN 7108 Micro and Immuno Concepts Part II > Exam 4 Terrifying Other RNA Viruses > Flashcards

Exam 4 Terrifying Other RNA Viruses Flashcards

1
Q

Which viruses/diseases are mosquito-borne?

A
  • Chikungunya
  • West Nile Virus
  • Zika Virus
  • Dengue Fever
  • Yellow fever
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2
Q

Which viruses are associated with hemorrhagic fever but are not mosquito-borne?

A
  • Lassa virus
  • Ebola and Marburg
  • Hantavirus
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3
Q

Chikungunya vector

A

Mosquito-borne

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4
Q

_____ is a togavirus like Rubella

A

Chikungunya

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5
Q

What are some symptoms of Chikungunya infection?

A
  • Joint swelling
  • Rash
  • Epidemic viral arthritis (chronic arthritis)
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6
Q

Are there cases of Chikungunya virus in the US?

A

Yes

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7
Q

West Nile Virus is a ____

A

Flavivirus

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8
Q

What does “flavi” mean?

A

Golden/blond

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9
Q

West Nile Virus vector

A

Mosquito-borne

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10
Q

_____ infected by West Nile virus develops serious/fatal illness

A

1/150

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11
Q

West Nile virus can cause ____ diseases. What are three of these diseases?

A

Neuroinvasive; Encephalitis, meningitis, West Nile poliomyelitis

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12
Q

Those with mutations in ____ become more susceptible to West Nile Virus infection

A

CCR5 (co-receptor for CD4)

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13
Q

West Nile Virus is now endemic in:

A

U.S. and southern Nevada

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14
Q

What is the leading cause of mosquito-borne disease in the continental US?

A

West Nile Virus (WNV)

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15
Q

Zika virus is a _____

A

Flavivirus

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16
Q

Zika Virus - vector

A

Mosquito-borne

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17
Q

Which virus can be spread sexually and from mother to fetus?

A

Zika Virus

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18
Q

If Zika virus is spread from mother to fetus, this can cause ____

A

Microencephaly

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19
Q

What is the mosquito range?

A

Around the equator

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20
Q

Zika Virus is locally transmitted in what states?

A

Florida and Texas

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21
Q

There are bioterrorism risks associated with which viruses?

A
  • Flaviviridae
  • Arenaviridae
  • Filoviridae
  • Bunyaviridae
    (all cause viral hemorrhagic fevers)
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22
Q

Viral Hemorrhagic fevers cause damage to ____

A

Blood vessels

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23
Q

Dengue Fever virus is a _____

A

Flavivirus

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24
Q

Dengue fever vector

A

Mosquito-borne

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25
Q

____ causes a primary infection and secondary infection

A

Dengue Fever Virus

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26
Q

What occurs in the primary infection of Dengue Fever Virus?

A
  • Incubation period 4-7 days
  • Self limited
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27
Q

True or false: Dengue fever virus primary infection may also progress to severe dengue in children, elderly, and immunocompromised

A

True

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28
Q

Dengue secondary infection is associated with:

A

Antibody dependent enhancement

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29
Q

What is antibody dependent enhancement?

A

Previous antibodies from primary infection enhance second infection (not adding protection)

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30
Q

What is the pathogenesis of antibody dependent enhancement?

A
  • Infection by dengue virus of another serotype
  • Production of non-neutralizing antibodies
  • Facilitate entry of virus to monocytes through Fc receptor
  • More cytokines released
  • Acute increase in vascular permeability
  • May lead to hypovolaemia or shock or death
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31
Q

What is Dengue Hemorrhagic fever?

A
  • Occurs in secondary infection
  • Damage to lymph, blood vessels, liver, circulation system
  • Petechiae
  • Internal bleeding
  • gingival bleeding
32
Q

Dengue hemorrhagic fever may lead to:

A

Dengue shock syndrome (massive bleeding, shock, death)

33
Q

Is there a vaccine for Dengue?

A

Yes but only given to those with secondary infections

34
Q

Which states have local cases of Dengue?

A

Florida and Arizona

35
Q

Are there imported cases of Dengue in the US?

A

Yes

36
Q

Yellow Fever virus is a ____

A

Flavivirus

37
Q

Yellow Fever virus vector

A

Mosquito-borne

38
Q

What diseases does Yellow Fever virus cause?

A
  • Yellow fever
  • Hemorrhagic disease
39
Q

Yellow fever symptoms

A
  • High fever
  • damage to kidney and liver causes jaundice
40
Q

Yellow fever-induced hemorrhagic disease causes what symptoms?

A

Bleeding from mouth, nose, eyes, stomach

41
Q

____ is an Arenavirus

A

Lassa virus

42
Q

What is the animal reservoir for Lassa virus?

A

Rats

43
Q

80% of those infected by Lassa virus have ____. 20% may progress to ____

A

Mild symptoms; serious disease (hemorrhagic fever in gums, eyes, or nose)

44
Q

What does “filo” mean?

A

Thread

45
Q

____ are filoviruses

A

Ebola and Marburg

46
Q

How are Ebola and Marburg viruses spread?

A

Direct contact with contaminated blood, bodily fluids, secretions

47
Q

When does Ebola/Marburg become contagious?

A

When symptoms develop (fever, muscle pain, sore throat)

48
Q

Ebola and Marburg viruses can cause ____. Bleeding induces ____

A

Uncontrolled bleeding (endothelial cells rupture); viral hemorrhagic fever

49
Q

In the Democratic Republic of the Congo, how many Ebola/Marburg deaths were there?

A

2,299

50
Q

When was the Ebola vaccine created?

A

2018

51
Q
  1. In the Ebola vaccine, ___ codes for surface protein
  2. Put Ebola RNA into ____ which starts to make Ebola surface protein antigens
A

Ebola RNA; carrier virus (vesicular stomatitis virus)

52
Q

How effective is the Ebola vaccine?

A

95-100%

53
Q

Which virus involves ring vaccination?

A

Ebola

54
Q

What is ring vaccinating for Ebola?

A

Vaccinating those who have come into contact with someone with Ebola infection

55
Q

What is Ebola Zmapp?

A

Mixture of three antibodies (mouse and human antibodies transfected into plant)

56
Q

Is Zmapp a vaccine?

A

No, it is a treatment

57
Q

What does Zmapp do?

A

Coats Ebola virus, preventing cell entry to allow time for host immune response

58
Q

Hantavirus has ___ RNA segments

A

3

59
Q

What diseases can Hantavirus cause?

A
  • Hantavirus hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS)
  • Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome
60
Q

Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome is a respiratory disease mainly in the ____

A

Americas

61
Q

Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome is transmitted by:

A

Aerosolized rodent excreta (deer mouse)

62
Q

Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome is also known as:

A

Four Corners Disease

63
Q

Prion stands for:

A

Protein infection

64
Q

____ is an infectious agent composed entirely of protein

A

Prion protein

65
Q

___ is the cause of transmissable spongiform encephalopathies (TSE)

A

Prion protein

66
Q

What is PRPsc?

A

Scrapie (sheep)

67
Q

What is PrPc?

A

Normal cellular prion

68
Q

What makes a prion disease-causing?

A
  • Contains abnormal folding and makes it indestructable
  • converts other prions to infectious form
69
Q

Aggregations of abnormal prions form:

A

Plaques

70
Q

How do prions spread?

A

When eating/contact with infected matter

71
Q

Bovine TSE causes what disease?

A

Mad cow disease

72
Q

TSE in monkeys and people can cause what diseases?

A
  • Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD)
  • Kuru
73
Q

What is the clinical manifestation of prion disease?

A

Progressive neurodegenerative disorder

74
Q

True or false: Prions cause invariable fatal disease

A

True

75
Q

What are prions resistant to?

A
  • Proteases
  • Ionizing radiation
  • Formaldehyde
  • Bleach
  • Heat (autoclave)
76
Q

____ can cause fatal familial insomnia (FFI)

A

Prions

77
Q

What is fatal familial insomnia?

A

Inherited prion disease

DEN 7108 Micro and Immuno Concepts Part II (27 decks)

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