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DEN 7108 Micro and Immuno Concepts Part II > Exam 4 Enteric Viruses > Flashcards

Exam 4 Enteric Viruses Flashcards

1
Q

Genus Enterovirus includes viruses that affect:

A

Enterics

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2
Q

Which viruses are part of the genus Enterovirus?

A
  • Coxsackievirus
  • Poliovirus
  • Rhinovirus/Enterovirus
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3
Q

PicoRNAviruses are also called:

A

Enterovirus

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4
Q

Enteroviruses are ____ transmission mainly with some ____ transmission

A

Fecal-oral; aerosol (aerosolized vomit or feces)

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5
Q

When is Coxsackievirus contagious?

A

Before and after symptoms go away

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6
Q

What are the two most common groups of Coxsackievirus?

A
  • Coxsackie Virus A
  • Coxsackie Virus B
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7
Q

Coxsackie Virus A is the most common cause of:

A

Viral meningitis

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8
Q

What diseases are caused by Coxsackie Virus A?

A
  • Viral meningitis
  • Herpangina
  • Hand-Foot-Mouth Disease (HFMD)
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9
Q

____ is rare in both Coxsackie Virus A and B

A

Paralysis

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10
Q

What is herpangina?

A

Painful mouth sores, ulcers, and blisters with small red spots toward the back of the mouth

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11
Q

When does herpangina appear?

A

1-2 days after the fever

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12
Q

What is Hand-Foot-and-Mouth disease (HFMD)?

A
  • Skin rash on any combo of palms, soles, mouth
  • Flat, red spot, maybe blisters
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13
Q

True or false: HFMD is a mild disease and is not very contagious

A

False - it is a mild disease but very contagious

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14
Q

What are some very rare complications of Coxsackie Virus A?

A
  • Flaccid paralysis (generalized myositis)
  • Hemorrhagic conjunctivitis caused by Coxsackie Virus A24 variant
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15
Q

Coxsackie Virus B can cause ___ ___

A

Aseptic meningitis

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16
Q

What is a rare complication of Coxsackie Virus B?

A

Spastic paralysis

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17
Q

Coxsackie Virus B has a suspected link with what other disease?

A

Type I Diabetes

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18
Q

What is the suspected link between Coxsackie Virus B and Type I Diabetes?

A
  • CVB increases cellular immune response
  • Immune cells recognize and destroy insulin-producing pancreatic beta cells
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19
Q

Coxsackievirus - treatment

A

Hydration

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20
Q

Is there a vaccine available for Coxsackievirus?

A

No

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21
Q

Poliovirus is also known as:

A
  • Polio
  • Poliomyelitis
  • Infantile Paralysis
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22
Q

How is Poliovirus transmitted?

A

Fecal-oral

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23
Q

Poliovirus infects ____. Is this good or bad?

A

Only humans; Good because it can be completely eliminated since there is no other animal reservoir

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24
Q

The total number of reported paralytic poliomyelitis cases have ____. However, what happened in 2022 in New York?

A

Decreased; there was a genetic link to polioviruses found in London and Jerusalem wastewater

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25
Q

There have been sporadic cases of wild poliovirus in what countries?

A

Pakistan and Afghanistan

26
Q

Which countries have a very high risk for polio reintroduction? Why?

A

Brazil, Dominican Republic, Haiti, and Peru; vaccine coverage is 79% which is the lowest since 1994

27
Q

What are some important symptoms of Polio?

A
  • Flaccid paralysis
  • Respiratory paralysis
28
Q

What happens if a patient has flaccid paralysis associated with Polio infection?

A
  • Muscle weakness or paralysis in arms and/or legs
  • Temporary or permanent disability
29
Q

Respiratory paralysis affects:

A

Breathing muscles

30
Q

Poliovirus bound to a neuron receptor can cause:

A

Poliomyelitis (inflammation of nerve cells)

31
Q

What is acute flaccid paralysis?

A
  • Caused by damaged nerve cells
  • Lack of nervous enervation cause affected muscles to lose function
  • Muscle weakness and paralysis
32
Q

Acute flaccid paralysis typically affects ____ more often than ____

A

Leg muscles; arms

33
Q

Can damaged nerve cells regenerate?

34
Q

Another severe complication of Polio is PPS, which stands for:

A

Post-polio syndrome

35
Q

What happens to children with PPS?

A
  • Children who fully recover can develop symptoms
  • Muscle weakness and atrophy
  • New muscle and joint pain
  • Paralysis as adults
36
Q

What is needed for polio diagnosis?

A

Patients who have unexplained acute flaccid paralysis (AFP)

37
Q

Any suspected case of _____ should be immediately reported to the health department

38
Q

What are the two types of polio vaccines?

A
  • Killed inactivated poliovirus vaccine
  • Live oral (live-attenuated viruses)
39
Q

How is the killed poliovirus vaccine administered?

A

IM injection

40
Q

How is the live oral poliovirus vaccine administered?

A

Liquid drops

41
Q

Which polio vaccine is recommended?

A

Killed inactivated is recommended (live oral can lead to vaccine-derived infections)

42
Q

____ is the predominant cause of common cold

A

Rhinovirus

43
Q

There are ___ serotypes of rhinovirus

44
Q

Which Enteroviruses can cause paralytic disease?

A
  • Polio
  • Cox A
  • Cox B
45
Q

Norovirus is a part of which family?

A

Caliciviridae

46
Q

The enteroviruses are part of which family?

A

PicoRNAviridae

47
Q

In the family Caliciviridae, ____ and ____ are the most common

A

Norovirus and Sapovirus

48
Q

Norovirus causes what symptoms?

A

Vomiting and watery diarrhea

49
Q

____ causes 90% of non-bacterial outbreaks of gastroenteritis

50
Q

____ causes common outbreaks on cruise ships

51
Q

How is norovirus transmitted?

A

Fecal-oral or Respiratory (from inhaling aerosolized vomit particles)

52
Q

What ages does Norovirus infect?

A

All ages, and common infections in adults and nursing homes

53
Q

When is Norovirus infectious?

A

Before and 2 weeks after symptom onset

54
Q

Norovirus can be prevented by:

A

Handwashing

55
Q

Rotavirus is part of what family?

A

Reoviridae

56
Q

Rotavirus genetic composition

57
Q

Of the 9 species of Rotavirus, ____ is the most common and causes 90% of Rotavirus infections

A

Rotavirus A

58
Q

How is Rotavirus transmitted?

A

Fecal-oral transmission

59
Q

Virtually ____ are infected by Rotavirus at least once by age 5

A

All children

60
Q

Rotavirus is a leading cause of _____ in children

A

Diarrheal disease deaths

61
Q

Rotavirus can cause ______ in infants and young children, leading to ____. Treatment is rehydration

A

Severe watery diarrhea and vomiting; dehydration

62
Q

Is there a vaccine available for Rotavirus?

A

Yes - live-virus oral drops

DEN 7108 Micro and Immuno Concepts Part II (27 decks)

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