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DEN 7108 Micro and Immuno Concepts Part II > 1/24 Kingsley Basic Virology Concepts - Structure and Function > Flashcards

1/24 Kingsley Basic Virology Concepts - Structure and Function Flashcards

1
Q

Viral size limits function, so they have _____ and are _____

A
  • no intrinsic metabolism
  • obligate intracellular parasites
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2
Q

What is a virion?

A

Infective viral particle

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3
Q

Non-enveloped viruses contain what structures?

A

Nucleocapsid and capsid

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4
Q

What is a nucleocapsid?

A

Nucleic acid core

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5
Q

What is a capsid?

A

Protein shell (contains the viral DNA inside)

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6
Q

Enveloped viruses are derived from:

A

Host membrane

includes viral proteins in membrane lipids

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7
Q

In enveloped viruses, the “envelope” is ____ to the nucleocapsid

A

External

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8
Q

Viral capsid structure is often:

A

Pentamers or capsomeres

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9
Q

Capsomere is a structural unit of:

A

(nucleo)capsid

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10
Q

One of the functions of the viral capsid is delivery via ______

A

VAPs

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11
Q

What are VAPs?

A

Viral attachment proteins

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12
Q

_____ are naked and are released by cell lysis

A

Non-enveloped viruses

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13
Q

_____ are released by budding

A

Enveloped viruses

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14
Q

Enveloped viruses are less stable, so they must be:

A

Wet (must stay wet)

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15
Q

All human helical viruses are:

A

Enveloped

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16
Q

Viral envelope composition

A
  • Host derived lipoproteins surround nucleocapsid
  • Viral glycoprotein (peplomers, VAPs)
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17
Q

Peplomers are ____ which have ____

A

Viral spikes; tissue specificity

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18
Q

Viral glycoproteins (peplomers) may function as:

A

VAPs (viral attachment proteins)

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19
Q

Examples of viral glycoproteins

A
  • Hemagglutinins
  • Neuraminidase

“H” and “N” of H1N1 influenza virus

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20
Q

Neuraminidase enables ____ from cell by _____

A

Viral release; cleaving terminal neuraminic/sialic acid

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21
Q

_____ has both hemagglutinins and neuraminidase

A

H1N1

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22
Q

Viral recognition is dependent on:

A
  • host range
  • tissue tropism
23
Q

Why is host range important in viral recognition?

A

VAPs may restrict which host(s) is/are infected

24
Q

VAP-receptor may further restrict cell type that can be infected, due to:

A

Tissue tropism

25
Q

Capsid VAPs or envelope VAPs have:

A

Tissue tropism

26
Q

_____ viruses are sufficient to cause infection on their own

A

DNA and (+) RNA strand

27
Q

For RNA viruses, the _____ strand is sufficient to cause infection on its own

A

Positive (sense)

28
Q

For a (-) RNA virus, _____ is needed as an intermediate step to cause infection

A

RNA dependent RNA polymerase

29
Q

____ viruses can get into the nucleus, whereas ____ viruses cannot and stay in the cytosol

A

DNA; RNA

30
Q

Most human DNA viruses are:

A

dsDNA

31
Q

Human dsDNA viruses replicate in:

A

Nucleus

32
Q

Most human RNA viruses are _____

A

ssRNA

33
Q

Human ssRNA virus replication occurs in:

A

Cytoplasm

34
Q

Baltimore classification: Group II

A

single stranded DNA (ssDNA)

35
Q

Example of Group II virus

A

Parvovirus (ssDNA)

36
Q

Baltimore classification: Group III

A

Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)

37
Q

Example of Group III virus

A

Rotavirus (dsRNA)

38
Q

Early phase of viral replication includes:

A
  • recognize target cell
  • attach via receptors (capsid, envelope)
  • penetrate or cross plasma membrane
  • uncoat in cytoplasm or delivered to nucleus
39
Q

Late phase of viral replication includes:

A
  • genome replication
  • viral protein synthesis
  • assembly
  • release (lysis, budding)
40
Q

Routes for viral uptake

A
  • endocytosis
  • fusion
  • translocation (viropexis)
41
Q

____ viruses can be taken up by a cell via endocytosis

A

Naked or enveloped

42
Q

_____ is a route for successful infection for some viruses

A

Endocytosis

43
Q

Endocytosis may prevent:

A

Infection by other viruses

44
Q

What is fusion?

A

Envelope (of enveloped virus) merges with membrane to release capsid

45
Q

Fusion occurs in _____ viruses

A

Enveloped (only)

46
Q

Example of translocation mechanism

A

Viropexis

47
Q

What is viropexis?

A
  • binding exposes hydrophobic structures
  • allows viral entry into host cell
48
Q

DNA viruses use _____ for transcription

A

Host DNA-dependent RNA polymerase II

49
Q

RNA viruses use _____ for transcription

A

viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase

50
Q

DNA viruses use ____ for replication

A

Host DNA-dependent DNA polymerase

51
Q

RNA viruses use _____ for replication

A

Viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase

52
Q

How are naked viruses released from the cell?

A

Lysis (sudden release)

53
Q

How are enveloped viruses released from the cell?

A

Budding (slow, gradual)

DEN 7108 Micro and Immuno Concepts Part II (27 decks)

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