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DEN 7108 Micro and Immuno Concepts Part II > 1/3 Kingsley Oral Ecology, Biofilms, and Plaque > Flashcards

1/3 Kingsley Oral Ecology, Biofilms, and Plaque Flashcards

(76 cards)

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1
Q

Oral microbiome follows predictable pattern known as:

A

Succession

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2
Q

Between fetal development and birth, the oral cavity is:

A

Sterile

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3
Q

When does the oral microbiome start to develop?

A

few hours after birth

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4
Q

Primary oral colonizer is:

A

Streptococcus salivarius

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5
Q

S. salivarius - gram positive or gram negative?

A

Gram positive

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6
Q

When does primary tooth eruption begin?

A

6-8 months

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7
Q

Primary tooth colonizers

A
  • Streptococcus sanguinis
  • Streptococcus mitis
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8
Q

S. sanguinis also known as:

A

S. sanguis

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9
Q

S. mitis is also known as:

A

S. mitior

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10
Q

Primary tooth colonizers attach to the salivary pellicle via:

A

Sucrose-independent adhesion

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11
Q

Salivary pellicle has varied composition but is mostly:

A

Salivary proteins

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12
Q

Components of salivary pellicle

A
  • Mucins
  • Lysozyme
  • Amylase
  • IgA/IgM
  • other proteins
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13
Q

True or false: Mucins are an example of GAGs

A

True

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14
Q

____ have a high molecular weight and are heavily glycosylated

A

Mucins

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15
Q

Mucins are a major family of _____

A

non-immunoglobin agglutinins (NIA)

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16
Q

Salivary proteins - list examples

A
  • mucins
  • lysozyme
  • lactoferrin
  • statherins
  • proline-rich proteins (PrP)
  • IgA, IgM
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17
Q

Salivary proteins such as _____ are part of innate immunity. ____ is anti-bacterial, and _____ is anti-microbial

A

lactoferrin and lysozyme; Lysozyme; Lactoferrin

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18
Q

IgA and IgM are major oral _____

A

Immunoglobin agglutinins

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19
Q

_____ is well conserved in many Streptococcal species and is responsible for ____ adhesion

A

Type I pili (Ag I/II); sucrose-independent adhesion

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20
Q

AbpA and AbpB are examples of:

A

amylase-coated enamel binding protein

sucrose independent adhesion

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21
Q

S. mitis and S. sanguis initially adhere to salivary pellicle via ____ adhesion

A

Sucrose independent

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22
Q

Primary tooth colonizers are gram ___ ____

A

gram positive cocci

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23
Q

S. sanguis and S. mitis function after colonization

A
  • modify pellicle
  • create food
  • binding surfaces for other bacteria
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24
Q

S. mutans binds before or after S. sanguis and S. mitis?

A

After

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25
S. mutans function after colonization
creates exopolymers and glucans (a true biofilm)
26
Primary tooth colonizers allow secondary colonizers to adhere, such as:
- Gram negatives - anaerobes
27
Primary tooth colonizers can modify and inactivate _____ via _____
Salivary proteins; bacteria proteases
28
Biofilm is also known as:
Extracellular Polysaccharide Substance (EPS)
29
Biofilm is a material secreted or excreted by:
Bacteria (oral microbes)
30
Major components of biofilm
- glucans - fructans
31
Glucans and fructans are made by:
Bacterial glycosyltransferase (GTF)
32
Biofilm allows for _____ adhesion via what protein?
sucrose-dependent adhesion; glucan binding protein
33
Glucosyltransferase and Glucan Binding Protein are major ____
Pathogenic virulence factors
34
Tertiary colonizers are mainly:
Gram negative microbes
35
Secondary colonizers are mainly:
- gram positive and gram-negative microbes - include bridge species such as **Eubacterium yurii** and **Fusobacterium nucleatum**
36
____ colonizers facilitate co-aggregation, corn cob formation, and drive biofilm formation
Secondary
37
Primary colonizers include:
- Gram-positive microbes - streptococcal species that bind salivary pellicle
38
Co-aggregation (corn cob formation) can occur in a ____ or ____ fashion
Homotypic or heterotypic
39
Co-aggregation is driven by:
E. yurii and F. nucleatum (drive heterotypic biofilm formation)
40
Dental plaque is constantly _____ over time
Changing and evolving
41
Co-aggregation changes biofilm ____ content over time
Lipid
42
Plaque lipids are mainly derived from:
Gram-negative bacteria
43
Lipids have affinity for what ions?
- calcium (Ca2+) - phosphate (PO4 3-)
44
Saliva contains what ions?
- Ca2+ - Mg2+ - PO43-
45
What drives calculus formation?
- calcium and phosphate ions from saliva imbed into dental plaque lipids - forms **insoluble calcium phosphate crystals**
46
Most toothpastes contain _____ compounds to chelate calcium ions
pyrophosphate
47
Many/most toothpastes contain ____ which help to chelate pyrophosphate
Fluoride
48
How is fluorapatite created?
Fluoride with calcium and phosphate
49
Fluoride inhibits bacterial glycolysis by inhibiting ____
Enolase
50
Besides fluoride toothpaste, fluoride can be applied via:
Fluoride varnish
51
Supragingival calculus is usually located in what spots?
- lingual surfaces of mandibular incisors [proximity to opening of Wharton's ducts (submandibular gland)] - buccal surfaces of maxillary molars (proximity to opening of Stenson's ducts)
52
_____ calculus contains more gram-positive organisms
Supragingival
53
_____ calculus contains more gram-negative organisms
Subgingival
54
Clinical significance of biofilm involves resistance to antimicrobial agents. There is a ____ greater amount of ____ cells than single cells
1000x; planktonic
55
Biofilm formation allows for communication in the form of ___ ___
Quorum sensing
56
Quorum sensing allows bacteria to secrete certain molecules such as:
Iron-binding siderophores
57
Biofilms found in dentistry
- teeth - tongue - dental instrument tray - dental water line biofilm
58
Scardovia wiggsiae is a _____ bacillus and causes _____
gram-positive anaerobic; caries
59
Causative agent for early childhood dental caries with S. mutans
Scardovia wiggsiae
60
Scardovia wiggsiae has a ____ fluoride tolerance and ____ enolase activity than S. mutans
higher; lower
61
Scardovia wiggsiae allows metabolic activity and the production of _____ to continue which is a virulence mechanism
Acetate
62
Scardovia wiggsiae found alone in ____ patients; much higher SW in ____ ortho vs ____ ortho
Orthodontic; pediatric vs adult
63
Scardovia wiggsiae is higher among ______ patients
Pediatric ortho
64
Do sealants work to reduce Scardovia wiggsiae counts?
No - because they are anaerobic (reduces initially but rebounds)
65
Scardovia wiggsiae is found in ____ and other sites such as ___ and ____ | mostly on tooth biofilm
saliva; GCF; dorsum of tongue
66
True or false: majority of SW-positive samples harbor SW at more than one oral site (tooth biofilm)
True
67
Selenomonas noxia is associated with ____ and is predominant in 98% of ____ patients
periodontitis; obese
68
Scardovia wiggsiae is resistant to:
Enolase inhibitors (fluoride varnish doesn't work so people still get cavities)
69
S. noxia is more prevalent in ____ ____ patients
Pediatric ortho
70
There are no differences between ___ and _____ regarding prevalence of S. noxia
Ortho and non-ortho
71
Periodontal pathogens are more common in:
Adults
72
S. noxia is found in what sites in the mouth?
- tongue dorsum - lower lingual incisor - upper buccal molar
73
Akkermansia muciniphila is more common in:
non-orthodontic patients
74
Slackia exigua is more common in ___ and ___ patients
Pediatric and orthodontic
75
Sucrose-independent adhesion requires what structures/proteins?
- Ag I/II (Type I Pili conserved in many Streptococcal species) - AbpA & AbpB (amylase-coated enamel binding protein)
76
Three main roles of fluoride
- makes fluorapatite - chelates pyrophosphates - blocks enolase (enolase inhibitor)

DEN 7108 Micro and Immuno Concepts Part II (27 decks)

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