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DEN 7108 Micro and Immuno Concepts Part II > 1/3 Kingsley Oral Ecology, Biofilms, and Plaque > Flashcards

1/3 Kingsley Oral Ecology, Biofilms, and Plaque Flashcards

1
Q

Oral microbiome follows predictable pattern known as:

A

Succession

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2
Q

Between fetal development and birth, the oral cavity is:

A

Sterile

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3
Q

When does the oral microbiome start to develop?

A

few hours after birth

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4
Q

Primary oral colonizer is:

A

Streptococcus salivarius

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5
Q

S. salivarius - gram positive or gram negative?

A

Gram positive

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6
Q

When does primary tooth eruption begin?

A

6-8 months

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7
Q

Primary tooth colonizers

A
  • Streptococcus sanguinis
  • Streptococcus mitis
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8
Q

S. sanguinis also known as:

A

S. sanguis

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9
Q

S. mitis is also known as:

A

S. mitior

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10
Q

Primary tooth colonizers attach to the salivary pellicle via:

A

Sucrose-independent adhesion

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11
Q

Salivary pellicle has varied composition but is mostly:

A

Salivary proteins

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12
Q

Components of salivary pellicle

A
  • Mucins
  • Lysozyme
  • Amylase
  • IgA/IgM
  • other proteins
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13
Q

True or false: Mucins are an example of GAGs

A

True

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14
Q

____ have a high molecular weight and are heavily glycosylated

A

Mucins

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15
Q

Mucins are a major family of _____

A

non-immunoglobin agglutinins (NIA)

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16
Q

Salivary proteins - list examples

A
  • mucins
  • lysozyme
  • lactoferrin
  • statherins
  • proline-rich proteins (PrP)
  • IgA, IgM
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17
Q

Salivary proteins such as _____ are part of innate immunity. ____ is anti-bacterial, and _____ is anti-microbial

A

lactoferrin and lysozyme; Lysozyme; Lactoferrin

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18
Q

IgA and IgM are major oral _____

A

Immunoglobin agglutinins

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19
Q

_____ is well conserved in many Streptococcal species and is responsible for ____ adhesion

A

Type I pili (Ag I/II); sucrose-independent adhesion

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20
Q

AbpA and AbpB are examples of:

A

amylase-coated enamel binding protein

sucrose independent adhesion

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21
Q

S. mitis and S. sanguis initially adhere to salivary pellicle via ____ adhesion

A

Sucrose independent

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22
Q

Primary tooth colonizers are gram ___ ____

A

gram positive cocci

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23
Q

S. sanguis and S. mitis function after colonization

A
  • modify pellicle
  • create food
  • binding surfaces for other bacteria
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24
Q

S. mutans binds before or after S. sanguis and S. mitis?

A

After

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25
Q

S. mutans function after colonization

A

creates exopolymers and glucans (a true biofilm)

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26
Q

Primary tooth colonizers allow secondary colonizers to adhere, such as:

A
  • Gram negatives
  • anaerobes
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27
Q

Primary tooth colonizers can modify and inactivate _____ via _____

A

Salivary proteins; bacteria proteases

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28
Q

Biofilm is also known as:

A

Extracellular Polysaccharide Substance (EPS)

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29
Q

Biofilm is a material secreted or excreted by:

A

Bacteria (oral microbes)

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30
Q

Major components of biofilm

A
  • glucans
  • fructans
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31
Q

Glucans and fructans are made by:

A

Bacterial glycosyltransferase (GTF)

32
Q

Biofilm allows for _____ adhesion via what protein?

A

sucrose-dependent adhesion; glucan binding protein

33
Q

Glucosyltransferase and Glucan Binding Protein are major ____

A

Pathogenic virulence factors

34
Q

Tertiary colonizers are mainly:

A

Gram negative microbes

35
Q

Secondary colonizers are mainly:

A
  • gram positive and gram-negative microbes
  • include bridge species such as Eubacterium yurii and Fusobacterium nucleatum
36
Q

____ colonizers facilitate co-aggregation, corn cob formation, and drive biofilm formation

A

Secondary

37
Q

Primary colonizers include:

A
  • Gram-positive microbes
  • streptococcal species that bind salivary pellicle
38
Q

Co-aggregation (corn cob formation) can occur in a ____ or ____ fashion

A

Homotypic or heterotypic

39
Q

Co-aggregation is driven by:

A

E. yurii and F. nucleatum (drive heterotypic biofilm formation)

40
Q

Dental plaque is constantly _____ over time

A

Changing and evolving

41
Q

Co-aggregation changes biofilm ____ content over time

A

Lipid

42
Q

Plaque lipids are mainly derived from:

A

Gram-negative bacteria

43
Q

Lipids have affinity for what ions?

A
  • calcium (Ca2+)
  • phosphate (PO4 3-)
44
Q

Saliva contains what ions?

A
  • Ca2+
  • Mg2+
  • PO43-
45
Q

What drives calculus formation?

A
  • calcium and phosphate ions from saliva imbed into dental plaque lipids
  • forms insoluble calcium phosphate crystals
46
Q

Most toothpastes contain _____ compounds to chelate calcium ions

A

pyrophosphate

47
Q

Many/most toothpastes contain ____ which help to chelate pyrophosphate

A

Fluoride

48
Q

How is fluorapatite created?

A

Fluoride with calcium and phosphate

49
Q

Fluoride inhibits bacterial glycolysis by inhibiting ____

A

Enolase

50
Q

Besides fluoride toothpaste, fluoride can be applied via:

A

Fluoride varnish

51
Q

Supragingival calculus is usually located in what spots?

A
  • lingual surfaces of mandibular incisors [proximity to opening of Wharton’s ducts (submandibular gland)]
  • buccal surfaces of maxillary molars (proximity to opening of Stenson’s ducts)
52
Q

_____ calculus contains more gram-positive organisms

A

Supragingival

53
Q

_____ calculus contains more gram-negative organisms

A

Subgingival

54
Q

Clinical significance of biofilm involves resistance to antimicrobial agents. There is a ____ greater amount of ____ cells than single cells

A

1000x; planktonic

55
Q

Biofilm formation allows for communication in the form of ___ ___

A

Quorum sensing

56
Q

Quorum sensing allows bacteria to secrete certain molecules such as:

A

Iron-binding siderophores

57
Q

Biofilms found in dentistry

A
  • teeth
  • tongue
  • dental instrument tray
  • dental water line biofilm
58
Q

Scardovia wiggsiae is a _____ bacillus and causes _____

A

gram-positive anaerobic; caries

59
Q

Causative agent for early childhood dental caries with S. mutans

A

Scardovia wiggsiae

60
Q

Scardovia wiggsiae has a ____ fluoride tolerance and ____ enolase activity than S. mutans

A

higher; lower

61
Q

Scardovia wiggsiae allows metabolic activity and the production of _____ to continue which is a virulence mechanism

A

Acetate

62
Q

Scardovia wiggsiae found alone in ____ patients; much higher SW in ____ ortho vs ____ ortho

A

Orthodontic; pediatric vs adult

63
Q

Scardovia wiggsiae is higher among ______ patients

A

Pediatric ortho

64
Q

Do sealants work to reduce Scardovia wiggsiae counts?

A

No - because they are anaerobic (reduces initially but rebounds)

65
Q

Scardovia wiggsiae is found in ____ and other sites such as ___ and ____

mostly on tooth biofilm

A

saliva; GCF; dorsum of tongue

66
Q

True or false: majority of SW-positive samples harbor SW at more than one oral site (tooth biofilm)

A

True

67
Q

Selenomonas noxia is associated with ____ and is predominant in 98% of ____ patients

A

periodontitis; obese

68
Q

Scardovia wiggsiae is resistant to:

A

Enolase inhibitors (fluoride varnish doesn’t work so people still get cavities)

69
Q

S. noxia is more prevalent in ____ ____ patients

A

Pediatric ortho

70
Q

There are no differences between ___ and _____ regarding prevalence of S. noxia

A

Ortho and non-ortho

71
Q

Periodontal pathogens are more common in:

A

Adults

72
Q

S. noxia is found in what sites in the mouth?

A
  • tongue dorsum
  • lower lingual incisor
  • upper buccal molar
73
Q

Akkermansia muciniphila is more common in:

A

non-orthodontic patients

74
Q

Slackia exigua is more common in ___ and ___ patients

A

Pediatric and orthodontic

75
Q

Sucrose-independent adhesion requires what structures/proteins?

A
  • Ag I/II (Type I Pili conserved in many Streptococcal species)
  • AbpA & AbpB (amylase-coated enamel binding protein)
76
Q

Three main roles of fluoride

A
  • makes fluorapatite
  • chelates pyrophosphates
  • blocks enolase (enolase inhibitor)

DEN 7108 Micro and Immuno Concepts Part II (27 decks)

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