Paper 2 - Performance Enhancing Drugs

Question 1

What are performance enhancing drugs?

Answer 1

Prohibited substances, or performance-enhancing drugs (PEDs), are chemical substances that, when introduced into the body, alter the biochemical balance in the body.

The can affect a performers ability and may give them an unfair advantage when competing.

Question 2

What are the three groups PEDs are divided into?

Answer 2

1. Substances that are prohibited
2. Methods that are prohibited
3. Legally prescribed drugs, whose use by sports performers is restricted.

Question 3

What are stimulants?

Answer 3

Affect the central nervous system.

Question 4

What are narcotic analgesics?

Answer 4

Such as morphine reduce pain.

Question 5

What are anabolic agents?

Answer 5

They are artificially produced hormones that mimic testosterone.

Question 6

What are peptide hormones?

Answer 6

They stimulate the production of naturally occurring hormones.

Question 7

What are diuretics?

Answer 7

Remove fluid from the body by increasing the rate of urination.

Question 8

What are beta blockers?

Answer 8

They steady the nerves and have a calming and relaxing effect.

Question 9

What is blood doping?

Answer 9

A method that involves removing a performers blood a few weeks before competition, freezing it and then re-injecting it, just prior to competition.

Question 10

What are the positive effects of stimulants?

Answer 10

Increase mental and physical alertness.

Reduce fatigue.

Question 11

What are the negative effects of stimulants?

Answer 11

Increased risk of -

Headaches 
High blood pressure 
Strokes 
Irregular heartbeat 
Anxiety and tremors 
Poor judgment 
Mask serious injuries, which can worsen as a result
Can be addictive and an overdose can kill

Question 12

What are the positive effects of narcotic analgesics?

Answer 12

Mask pain cause by overtraining, allowing performers in a wide range of sports to gain an unfair advantage by being able to train harder than their competitors.

Question 13

What are the negative effects of narcotic analgesics?

Answer 13

Respiratory depression, slowing down breathing, and therefore, gaseous exchange.
Increased risk of constipation
Increased risk of apathy
Can be addictive
Increased pain threshold may lead to further injury or exhaustion due to overtraining.

Question 14

What are the positive effects of anabolic agents?

Answer 14

They promote muscle and bone growth and reduce recovery time so performers can train harder and more frequently.

Question 15

What are the negative effects of anabolic agents?

Answer 15

Increased risk of -

Diseases - liver cancer and organ damage
Infertility
Injury
Hair loss
Acne
High blood pressure, heart attacks and heart disease.
Enlarged breasts in men and facial hair and a deeper voice in women.

Question 16

What are the positive effects of peptide hormones?

Answer 16

Increase the red blood cell count, and therefore, the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood. This improves a performers aerobic capacity.

They can perform for longer before fatigue sets in and their recovery time is shorter.

Question 17

What are the negative effects of peptide hormones?

Answer 17

Blood becoming more viscous
Increased risk of - 
Heart attacks 
Embolism, causing a blood vessel to block
Strokes