Paper 1 - Muscular System

Question 1

What is a tendon?

Answer 1

Connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone.

Its role is to transfer the effort created by a contracting muscle to the bone resulting in the movement of that bone.

Question 2

What are the major muscle groups at joints?

Answer 2

Shoulder - deltoid, trapezius, pectorals, latissimus dorsi, biceps, triceps, rotator cuffs.

Elbow - biceps, triceps.

Hip - gluteals, hip flexors.

Knee - quadriceps, hamstring group

Ankle - tibias anterior, gastrocnemius

Question 3

What is a prime mover/ agonist?

Answer 3

The muscle/ group of muscles that contract to create movement.

Question 4

What is an antagonist?

Answer 4

The muscle/ group of muscles that relax to allow movement to take place.

Question 5

What are the agonistic pairs?

Answer 5

Biceps/triceps - at the elbow to create flexion and extension.

Hip flexors/gluteals - at the hip to create flexion and extension.

Hamstring/quadriceps group - at the knee to create flexion and extension.

Tibialis anterior/gastrocnemius - at the ankle to create dorsiflexion and plantar flexion.

Question 6

What are isotonic contractions?

Answer 6

A muscle contraction where the muscle changes length when it contacts resulting in limb movement - there are two types -

Concentric
Eccentric

Question 7

What is a eccentric contraction?

Answer 7

Muscles lengthens

Question 8

What is a concentric contraction?

Answer 8

Muscles shortens

Question 9

What are isometric contractions?

Answer 9

A muscle contraction where the length of the muscle doesn’t change when it contracts.

As a result there is no limb movement.