Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

P.E❌ > Paper 1 - Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Paper 1 - Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

What does the cardiovascular system do?

A

Carries blood around the body. Blood is the body’s fuel supply. It contains both nutrients and waste products.

The cardiovascular system comprises the blood, heart and a series of arteries veins and capillaries to transport the blood.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is deoxygenated blood?

A

Blood containing a low concentration of oxygen.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is oxygenated blood?

A

Blood containing a high concentration of oxygen.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does the heart do?

A

It’s basically an efficient pump.

Like any other muscle it contacts and relaxes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is a heart beat?

A

One contraction and relaxation of the heart.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What effect does exercise have on the heart?

A

Your heart rate will increase.

This is because the heart is called on to supply more oxygen to the working muscles and, therefore, has to work harder.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does heart rate mean?

A

The number of times your heart beats in one minute.

One heart beat is one contraction and relaxation of the heart.
Heart rate is measured in beats per minute (bpm).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does pulse mean?

A

The rhythmic throbbing that you can feel as your arteries pump blood around the body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does backflow mean?

A

The flowing backwards of blood.

Valves in the veins prevent backflow.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does diastole mean?

A

The phase of the heartbeat when the chambers of the heart relax and fill with blood.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does systole mean?

A

The phase of of the heartbeat when the chambers of the heart contract and empty of blood; when blood is ejected from the heart.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the cardiac cycle?

A

One cycle of diastole and systole is called the cardiac cycle.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is blood pressure?

A

The pressure the blood is under.

The systolic reading measure the pressure when the heart contracts and the diastolic reading measures the pressure when the heart relaxes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Describe arteries

A

They have thick, muscular walls because they carry oxygenated blood away from the heart quickly, under high pressure.

They don’t have valves.
Your pulse can be found here.
The pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood.
They have a small internal diameter.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Describe veins

A

They have thin walls but a large internal diameter. This is because the pressure is low.

They carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart.
The pulmonary vein carries oxygenated blood.
They have valves due to the pressure of the blood flow, that open. They close so there is no backflow.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Describe capillaries

A

They’re microscopic blood vessels that link the arteries to the veins.

Their walls are very thin, just one cell thick, to allow oxygen and CO2 to pass through them during gaseous exchange.

Deoxygenated blood becomes oxygenated at the capillaries.

17
Q

What are the three types of blood vessel?

A

Arteries
Veins
Capillaries

18
Q

What is the pathway of blood

A
  1. Deoxygenated blood enters the right atrium from the superior and inferior vena cava.
  2. It then passes through a valve to the right ventricle.
  3. The pulmonary artery transports the deoxygenated blood to the lungs.
  4. Gaseous exchange occurs, resulting in oxygenated blood.
  5. The pulmonary vein transports oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium.
  6. It then passes through a valve to the left ventricle.
  7. Oxygenated blood is ejected form the heart and is transported via the aorta to the body.
19
Q

What is the redistribution of blood during exercise?

A

When exercise begins, the body alters its priorities.

While at rest, a high proportion of blood is directed towards the organs, but during exercise the majority of blood is directed towards voluntary muscles.

Redistributing blood when exercise begins is achieved by vasodilation and vasoconstriction.

20
Q

What is vasoconstriction?

A

The narrowing of the internal diameter of a blood vessel to decrease blood flow. The arteries constrict during exercise so that less blood is delivered to inactive areas.

21
Q

What is vasodilation?

A

The widening of the internal diameter of a blood vessel to increase blood flow. The arteries dilate during exercise so that more blood is delivered to active areas, increasing their oxygen supply.

22
Q

What is stroke volume?

A

The volume of blood pumped out of the heart by each ventricle during one contraction.

23
Q

What is cardiac output?

A

The volume of blood ejected from the heart in one minute.

Cardiac output = stroke volume x heart rate.

As you exercise it increases.

P.E❌ (29 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions