ORGANISATION AND THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Flashcards
What is the active site?
The site on an enzyme where the reactants bind.
What are amino acids?
Molecules made up of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen that are building blocks of proteins.
What is amylase?
An enzyme that speeds up the digestion of starch into sugars.
What is bile?
It neutralises stomach acid to give a high pH for the enzymes from the pancreas and small intestine to work well. It is not an enzyme.
What are carbohydrases?
Enzymes that speed up the breakdown of carbohydrates into simple sugars.
What are carbohydrates?
Molecules that contain only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. They provide the energy for the metabolism and are found in foods such as rice potatoes and bread.
What is a catalyst?
A substance that speeds up the rate of another reaction but is not used up or changed itself.
What does denatured mean?
The breakdown of the molecular structure of a protein so it no longer functions.
What does differentiate mean?
The process where cells become specialised for a particular function.
What is the digestive system?
An organ system where food is digested and absorbed.
What are enzymes?
Biological catalysts, usually proteins.
What are fatty acids?
Part of the structure of a lipid molecule.
What is glycerol?
Part of the structure of a lipid molecule.
What are lipases?
Enzymes that speed up the breakdown of lipids into fatty acids and glycerol.
What are lipids?
Include fats and oils and are found in foods such as butter, olive oil and crisps. They are made of carbon, oxygen and hydrogen.
