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Biology > CELL STRUCTURE AND TRANSPORT > Flashcards

CELL STRUCTURE AND TRANSPORT Flashcards

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1
Q

What is active transport?

A

The movement of a substance from a dilute solution to a concentrated solution, requiring energy from respiration.

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2
Q

What is algae?

A

Simple actuated organisms (Protista) that make their own food by photosynthesis.

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3
Q

What are alveoli?

A

Tiny air sacs in the lungs that increase surface area for gaseous exchange.

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4
Q

What is bacteria?

A

Single-celled prokaryotic organisms.

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5
Q

What is the cell membrane?

A

The membrane around the contents of a cell that controls what moves in and out of the cell.

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6
Q

What is the cell wall?

A

The rigid structure around plants and algal cells it is made up of cellulose and strengthens the cell.

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7
Q

What is cellulose?

A

The complex carbohydrate that makes up plant and algal walls and gives them strength.

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8
Q

What is chlorophyll?

A

The green pigment contained in the chloroplasts.

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9
Q

What are chloroplasts?

A

The organelles in which photosynthesis takes place.

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10
Q

What is the cytoplasm?

A

The water-based gel in which organelles of all living cells are suspended and most of the chemical reactions of life take place.

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11
Q

What is diffusion?

A

The spreading out of particles of any substance in a solution, or particles in a gas, resulting in a net movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration down a concentration gradient.

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12
Q

What are eukaryotic cells?

A

Cells from eukaryotes that have a cell membrane, cytoplasm, and genetic material enclosed in a nucleus.

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13
Q

What is a hypertonic solution?

A

A solution that is more concentrated than the cell contents (osmosis).

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14
Q

What is a hypotonic solution?

A

A solution that is less concentrated than the cell contents (osmosis).

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15
Q

What is an isotonic solution?

A

A solution that is the same concentration as the cell contents.

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16
Q

What are the mitochondria?

A

The site of aerobic cellular respiration in a cell.

17
Q

What is the nucleus?

A

An organelle found in many living cells containing the genetic information surrounded by the nuclear membrane.

18
Q

What is osmosis?

A

The diffusion of water through a partially permeable membrane from a dilute (high water concentration) to a concentrated solution (low concentration of water) down a concentration gradient.

19
Q

What is a partially permeable membrane?

A

A membrane that allows only certain substances to pass through.

20
Q

What is a permanent vacuole?

A

A space in the cytoplasm filled with cell sap.

21
Q

What is the phloem?

A

The living transport tissue in plants that carries dissolved food (sugars) around the plant.

22
Q

What is plasmolysis?

A

The state of plant cells when so much water is lost from the cell by osmosis that the vacuole and cytoplasm shrink and the cell membrane pulls away from the cell wall.

23
Q

What are prokaryotic cells?

A

They are from prokaryotic cells and have cytoplasm surrounded by a cell membrane, and a cell wall that does not contain cellulose. The genetic material is a DNA loop that is free in the cytoplasm and not enclosed by a nucleus. Sometimes there are one or more small rings of DNA called plasmids.

24
Q

What is resolving power?

A

A measure of the ability to distinguish between two separate points that are very close together.

25
Q

What are ribosomes?

A

The site of protein synthesis in the cell.

26
Q

What are sperm?

A

The male sex cells or gametes that carry genetic material from the male parent.

27
Q

What are stomata?

A

Openings in the leaves of plants, particularly on the underside and opened and closed by guard cells, allowing gases to enter and leave the leaves.

28
Q

What does turgor mean?

A

The pressure inside a plant cell exerted by the cell contents pressing on the cell wall.

29
Q

What does ventilated mean?

A

Movement of air or water into and out of the gas exchange organ, for example lungs or gills.

30
Q

What is the xylem?

A

The non-living transport tissue in plants that transports water from the roots to the leaves and shoots.

Biology (47 decks)

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