OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS IN IMMUNOCOMPROMISED Flashcards
The appearance of a ____________ is one of the most common and serious complications in patients whose immune defenses are suppressed.
pulmonary infiltrate
Immunosuppresssion can be due to:
•disease,
•immunosuppressive therapy for ________
•__________ for tumours, or ________.
organ transplants
chemotherapy
irradiation
Opportunistic infectious agents rarely cause infection in _________ but can cause these pneumonias in _______ hosts.
normal hosts; immunocompromised
Frequently, just one agent is involved in opportunistic infections
T/F
F
Frequently, more than one agent is involved in opportunistic infections
Opportunistic infectious agents rarely cause infection in _______ hosts but can cause these pneumonias in ________ hosts.
normal
immunocompromised
Mortality from opportunistic infections is high.
T/F
T
Of these opportunistic infectious agents, the ones that commonly involve the lung can be classified according to the aetiologic agent:
Bacteria (_________,________ species, _____________, and ____________________),
P. aeruginosa
Mycobacterium
L. pneumophila
Listeria monocytogenes
Of these opportunistic infectious agents, the ones that commonly involve the lung can be classified according to the aetiologic agent:
Viruses ( ____________ and ____________), and
cytomegalovirus [CMV] and herpesvirus
Of these opportunistic infectious agents, the ones that commonly involve the lung can be classified according to the aetiologic agent:
Fungi (P. jiroveci, ______ species, _______ species, the Phycomycetes, and __________).
Candida
Aspergillus
Cryptococcus neoformans
_________ disease continues to be the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in HIV- infected individuals.
Pulmonary
PULMONARY DISEASE IN HIV INFECTION
The use of potent ________ agents and effective ________ has markedly altered the incidence and outcome of pulmonary disease in HIV-infected persons.
antiretroviral
chemoprophylaxis
PULMONARY DISEASE IN HIV INFECTION
Despite the emphasis on “opportunistic” infections,bacterial pneumonia caused by _________________ is one of the most serious pulmonary disorders in HIV infection.
the “usual” pathogens
PULMONARY DISEASE IN HIV INFECTION
Organisms include S.________ , S.________, __________ , and gram-negative rods.
pneumoniae
aureus
H. influenzae
Bacterial pneumonias in HIV-infected persons are more common, more severe, and more often associated with bacteraemia than in those without HIV infection.
T/F
T
all pulmonary infiltrates in HIV-infected individuals are infectious in etiology.
T/F
F
Not all
Differential for presence of pulmonary infiltrate include noninfectious diseases, including __________, pulmonary ________ , and primary _________.
Kaposi sarcoma
non- Hodgkin lymphoma
lung cancer
The _________ count can define the risk of infection with specific organisms.
CD4+ T-cell
As a rule of thumb, bacterial and tubercular infections are more likely at (lower or higher?) CD4+ counts (_________ cells/mm3).
Higher
> 200
Pneumocystispneumoniausuallystrikesat CD4+ counts ________ cells/mm3
below 200
cytomegalovirus and Mycobacterium avium complex infections are (common or uncommon?) until the ______ stages of immunosuppression
Uncommon
very late
cytomegalovirus and Mycobacterium avium complex infections occurs at CD4+ counts ______ cells/mm3).
<50
Pneumocystis pneumonia usually strikes at CD4+ counts __________ cells/mm3
cytomegalovirus infections occurs at CD4+ counts ________ cells/mm3
Mycobacterium avium complex infections occurs at CD4+ counts _______ cells/mm3
bacterial and tubercular infections are more likely CD4+ counts ______ cells/mm3
below 200
<50
<50
> 200
Done!
Period!😌
Purrr👅
