Infective Endocarditis Flashcards
Infective Endocarditis
This is an _______, _______ disease of the heart
Characterized by ___________ of the _______ or the _______ by microbiological agents with the formation of ______,______ ———- laden with microbiologic agents
infectious; inflammatory
colonization or invasion
heart valves ; mural endothelium
bulky, friable vegetations
Infective Endocarditis
May also affect the _____,_________ and other sites
aorta, aneurysmal vessels
Infective Endocarditis
There are 2 clinical subtypes
- _____
- __________
Acute
Subacute
Infective Endocarditis
There are 2 clinical subtypes
In both cases, the organism affects the _______ causing _________ (called ______)
tissue
thrombus formation
vegetations
Infective Endocarditis
-Acute: a destructive infection on a previously (normal or damaged?) valve. The organisms are (mildly or highly?) virulent (eg ______).
Death occurs in _____% of cases
normal
highly; staph aureus
50
Infective Endocarditis
-Subacute: this is common in previously (normal or damaged?) heart.
Causative organisms are (more or less?) virulent (eg ________).
It pursues a ______ course and patient recovers after _____________
damaged
Less
S.viridans
protracted; appropriate antibiotic therapy.
PATHOGENESIS of infective endocarditis
1) Predisposing cardiac conditions
-________ heart disease
-________ heart disease
-___________ disease
- ___________________________ stenosis
Rheumatic
Congenital
Myxomatous mitral
Degenerative calcific valvular
PATHOGENESIS of infective endocarditis
2) Systemic conditions
- ______aenia
-__________ states (eg HIV)
-____________
- Chronic __________
- indwelling ________ (intracardiac/intravascular)
-____________ (injection)
Neutrop
Immunodeficiency
Diabetes Mellitus
alcoholism; catheters
Drug abusers
PATHOGENESIS of infective endocarditis
Implicated organisms include,
Bacteria-_____,_____,_____,______
-Gram ____.organisms (_______)
Viruses
fungi
S.viridans, S.faecalis
-Staph
-S.pneumoniae
neg; E.coli
MORPHOLOGY of infective endocarditis
•______,______ vegetations on heart valves
•___________ of the valves
•Organization and ______
Friable , bulky
Ring abscess
fibrosis
CLINICAL COURSE of infective endocarditis
Usually (specific or non-specific?)
Fever, malaise, loss of weight, _____ haemorrhage, _____ haemorrhage
non-specific
petechieal
subungal
CLINICAL COURSE of infective endocarditis
___________- embolism of the central arteries of the ______ may cause ____ shaped haemorrhagic spot with a _______
Roth’s spot
retina; canoe
pale centre
COMPLICATIONS of infective endocarditis : CARDIAC
______ insufficiency with ________
————— abscess with perforation
Valvular; cardiac failure
Myocardial ring
COMPLICATIONS of infective endocarditis : CARDIAC
________ pericarditis (as opposed to the ‘__________’ seen in rheumatic heart disease.
_________ of artificial valves
Suppurative
bread and butter
Dehiscence
COMPLICATIONS of infective endocarditis : RENAL
•________ ———-
•(Focal or diffuse?) glomerulonephritis leading to ________ and _______
Embolic infarcts
Focal
nephrotic syndrome and renal failure