Normal Anatomy Of The Lung Flashcards
NORMAL STRUCTURE
• ANATOMY
• Normal adult right lungs weigh ____ to _____ g
•___ lobes on the right separated by ____ fissures (_________________)
375 to 500
3; 2
transverse and oblique
NORMAL STRUCTURE of the lung
• ANATOMY
• Normal adult left lung is ____ to _____ g
•___ lobes on the left side separated by ___ fissure (___________)
325 to 450
2;1
oblique
NORMAL STRUCTURE of the lung
• ANATOMY
• From the tracheal bifurcation the smallest bronchi are reached after ________ divisions and
•__________ bronchus from the segmental bronchus after _________ divisions
8 – 13
Terminal
15 – 25
NORMAL STRUCTURE of the lung
• ANATOMY
• Airways up to ___mm in diameter contains _____ in their wall and those _____mm in diameter lack ______ support and are, therefore, more readily _______ by dynamic airway changes
2; cartilage
<2; cartilaginous
compressed
NORMAL STRUCTURE of the lung
•________- this is the structural and functional unit of the lung
ACINUS
NORMAL STRUCTURE of the lung
• The respiratory lobule consist of _____ acini
• It is the portion of the lung, which has ______ on its wall
3 – 4
alveoli
ACINUS is the part of the lung (proximal or distal?) to terminal, (alveolated or non-alveolated?) bronchioles (terminal bronchioles)
Distal
non-alveolated
NORMAL STRUCTURE of the lungs
• The lungs have (single or double?) blood supply
Double
NORMAL STRUCTURE of the lungs
• The lungs blood supply
_________ arteries and veins
_________ arteries and veins
Pulmonary
Bronchial
NORMAL STRUCTURE of the lungs
• Lymphatic drainage
___________ plexus
_______________________ lymph nodes
Subpleurai
Hilar and tracheobronchial
NORMAL STRUCTURE of the lungs: HISTOLOGY
ALVEOLAR WALL- consist of delicate ________ and ________ on which rests (thin or thick?) walled capillaries, fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, mast cells and occasional lymphocytes
elastic fibres
loose connective tissue
Thin
NORMAL STRUCTURE of the lungs: HISTOLOGY
• ALVEOLAR EPITHELIUM- consists of _____ types of epithelial cells called ____________
2
pneumocytes
NORMAL STRUCTURE of the lungs: HISTOLOGY
TYPE 1 PNEUMOCYTES
- are (flat or round?) , non-descript and (few or numerous?)
- it is covering ____% of respiratory surface)
Flat; numerous
95
NORMAL STRUCTURE of the lungs: HISTOLOGY
• TYPE 2 PNEUMOCYTES
- are _______, project into the _________, have (abundant or little?) _______ potential.
-It is also capable of secreting many ______ that recruits ______ into the alveoli.
globular
alveolar space
abundant ; division
cytokines; macrophages
Type 2 pneumocytes replace type 1 pneumocytes when they are damaged
T/F
T
NORMAL STRUCTURE of the lungs : HISTOLOGY
PORES OF KOHN:
•are ________ that __________
tiny openings
connect adjacent alveoli in the lungs.
CONGENITAL LUNG ANOMALIES • Developmental defects of the lungs include:
̧Agenesis or hypoplasia of 1 lung, both lungs or single lobes
̧Tracheal and bronchial abnormalities
̧Vascular anomalies
̧Congenital lobar over inflation (congenital emphysema)
̧Congenital cysts
̧Intralobar and extralobar sequestration
Yeah, here they are
Cram!!
Developmental defects of the lungs include:
Bilateral/complete Agenesis
- Quite (common or rare?) , only about ____ cases in literature
- (Compatible or Not compatible?) with life
- The _________ tree may terminate blindly at the level of the _______,_______, or _______
Rare; 12
Not compatible
laryngotracheal
larynx, trachea or the main stem bronchi
Developmental defects of the lungs include:
Bilateral/complete Agenesis
- Associated abnormalities include absence of _______ and ______, CVS, GIT, MS and GUS anomalies
bronchial artery and toes
bilateral/complete agenesis of the lungs
Males are more affected than females
T/F
F
Males and females are affected equally
CONGENITAL LUNG ANOMALIES
̧UNILATERAL Pulmonary AGENESIS
̧(Commoner or Rarer?) than bilateral
̧>______ cases have been described
Commoner
165
CONGENITAL LUNG ANOMALIES
UNILATERAL PUL.AGENESIS
̧Life expectancy depends on ____________
̧Existing lung tissue show increased ___________.
other associated anomalies
alveolar density
CONGENITAL LUNG ANOMALIES
̧Hypoplasia of the lungs
̧It reflects _______ development of the lung which is (smaller or larger?) than normal.
•It results from conditions that ________
incomplete
Smaller
restricts lung growths
CONGENITAL LUNG ANOMALIES
̧Hypoplasia of the lungs
It results from conditions that restricts lung growths such as _________,_________, abnormalities of the __________.
oligohydraminous, Potter syndrome
thoracic cage
> 50% of cases of hypoplasia of the lungs have abnormalities of the _______.
thoracic cage
CONGENITAL LUNG ANOMALIES
Hypoplasia of the lungs
___ease in lung _______ and ______
decr
volume and weight
CONGENITAL LUNG ANOMALIES
Hypoplasia of the lungs
̧Other causes include congenital _________ hernia, pleural effusion in ________, ________ renal disease, idiopathic ________
diaphragmatic
hydrops fetalis
polycystic
cardiac hypertrophy
CONGENITAL LUNG ANOMALIES
Hypoplasia of the lungs
̧There are 2 groups- ______ and ______
pry & sec hypoplasias
CONGENITAL LUNG ANOMALIES
Hypoplasia of the lungs
̧Primary hypoplasia involves (one or both?) lungs and is associated with _______ and _________
Both
oligohydraminos and renal agenesis
CONGENITAL LUNG ANOMALIES
Hypoplasia of the lungs
Secondary hypoplasia
•may be ________ or _______ lungs.
•May appear ______ on gross inspection, but the ———- and _______ are reduced
unilateral or bilateral
normal
volume and weight
renal agenesis
Aka
_______________
POTTER SYNDROME
CONGENITAL LUNG ANOMALIES
̧Pulmonary Isomerism
Anomaly of the ________
number of lung lobes
CONGENITAL LUNG ANOMALIES
̧Pulmonary Isomerism
̧This anomaly may be associated with _______,_______ and/or anomalous ________
situs inversus, asplenia
pulmonary drainage