Normal Physiology Of The Heart

Question 1

THE HEART
• A conical, muscular organ, located in the ____________

Answer 1

middle mediastinum

Question 2

The weight of the heart varies according to sex and age;
• Males _____-____g
• Females -____-____g

Answer 2

300-350

250-300

Question 3

The heart of an individual is roughly the size of his ______

Answer 3

clenched fist

Question 4

Which is thicker?

Right ventricle or left ventricle?

Answer 4

Left ventricle

Question 5

List the 4 valves and arrange them in order of descending valvular diameter

Answer 5

Tricuspid
Mitral
Pulmonary
Aortic

Question 6

Normal Anatomy: Boundaries

• Right border- ______
• Left border- mainly by the ____ and ___________

Answer 6

Right atrium

Left ventricles ; appendages of the left atrium

Question 7

Normal Anatomy: Boundaries

• Left border- by _____ and ________

• Anterior surface- by _______ and _____

Answer 7

Right ventricle ; apex of left ventricle

Right ventricle and Left ventricle

Question 8

The RIGHT side consist of RA and RV.
• It is responsible for the ____ circulation

• RA receives blood mainly from the ______ and ______

Answer 8

pulmonary

IVC and SVC

Question 9

• The wall of the Right atrium contains the ________ (a shallow depression on the atrial septum that marks the site of the _______________)

Answer 9

fossa ovalis

foetal foramen ovale

Question 10

The Right ventricle is joined to the Right atrium by the ______ valve.

Answer 10

tricuspid

Question 11

The free margins of the A-V valves are tethered to the ventricular walls by the _______ attached to the ________ which are contiguous with the ventricular wall.

Answer 11

chordae tendinae

papillary muscles

Question 12

The Moderator band crosses the ________ to the _______

Answer 12

ventricular septum

anterior wall

Question 13

The Moderator band

• It conveys the (left or right?) branch of the _________

Answer 13

Right

AV bundle

Question 14

The outflow tract of the right side of the heart is the _______-

Answer 14

pulmonary orifice

Question 15

The Left ventricle communicates with the Left atrium through the ___________

Answer 15

mitral valve

Question 16

The 2 cusps of the mitral valve are attached to the papillary muscles by _________

Answer 16

chordae tendinae

Question 17

• The left wall is marked by (thin or thick?) muscular elevations referred to as _________

Answer 17

Thick

trabeculae carnae

Question 18

The outflow channel of the left ventricle is guarded by the ______

Answer 18

aortic valve

Question 19

The outflow of blood in a normal heart is unidirectional

T/F

Answer 19

T

Question 20

Normal Anatomy: Layers

• Epicardium- contains ______________

• Myocardium- has _____________

• Endocardium- contains the _________

Answer 20

coronary vessels and fat

myocytes and blood vessels

endothelium and intima

Question 21

Hypertrophy, increase in ______ or _____ of the ventricular wall.

Answer 21

weight or thickness

Question 22

Dilatation: ________ of the cardiac chambers. This is shown by the ________.

Answer 22

enlargement

valvular margins

Question 23

In dilatation, Closure of the valves leaves _______, since the valvular cusps are _________

Answer 23

a hole

not well apposed.

Question 24

The _________ is the best indication of cardiomegaly

Answer 24

weight

Question 25

Cardiac myocytes make up to _____% of the total number of cells in the myocardium.

Answer 25

25

Question 26

MYOCARDIUM cells are, •_________ (25%) •________ cells • _________ cells • _________ cells • Specialised myocardial cells known as ________ cells

Answer 26

myocytes Endothelial Connective tissue Inflammatory Purkinje

Question 27

Myocardium • Purkinje cells are specialized _______ and ______ myocytes with few _______ elements

Answer 27

excitatory and conducting contractile

Question 28

Myocardium: Purkinje cells It is involved in the regulation of the _________ of the heart. It is plenty in the ________

Answer 28

rate and rhythm SA node

Question 29

SA node- the _____ of the heart, located at ____________________

Answer 29

pacemaker the junction btw the right atrial appendage and SVC

Question 30

AV node located at the junction of the _______ and. __________

Answer 30

right atrium and interventricular septum

Question 31

Bundle of His is at the _________. It divides at the _______ into right and left branches

Answer 31

interventricular septum cardiac apex

Question 32

Problems with the conducting system of the heart leads to _______

Answer 32

Heart Block.

Question 33

Normal Anatomy: Blood Supply •A) Epicardial vessels The _____ arteries supply the cardiac muscle and are composed of the _______________ arteries

Answer 33

coronary right and left coronary

Question 34

Normal Anatomy: Blood Supply • A) Epicardial vessels • - left main coronary artery is derived from the _______________. It divides early in its course jnto 2; __________ and ________

Answer 34

left posterior aortic sinus LAD & left circumflex artery

Question 35

Blood Supply The right coronary artery supply the entire _______________, adjacent half of _____________________ and posterior 3rd of ___________

Answer 35

right ventricular free wall posterior wall of the left ventricle interventricular septum

Question 36

Blood Supply • Blood flow in the heart typically passes from the coronary artery terminals to the ____cardium, then ____cardium.

Answer 36

epi Endo

Question 37

In case of myocardial ischaemia the ______cardium is generally the most vulnerable site

Answer 37

Endo

Question 38

Blood Supply • A)______ arteries • B) _______ Arteries • C) Endocardium

Answer 38

Coronary Intramuscular

Question 39

Blood Supply • The right and left coronary artery are ________, though there are numerous ______ between them which may open up when __________ • It is however _____________

Answer 39

end arteries collaterals one is blocked. not very effective

Question 40

• C) Endocardium is supplied by ______ from the chambers

Answer 40

diffusion

Question 41

Free wall thickness - RV(_____-_____ cm) LV(_____-______ cm)

Answer 41

0.3-0.5 1.3-1.5