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House AMP > Normal Physiology Of The Heart > Flashcards

Normal Physiology Of The Heart Flashcards

1
Q

THE HEART
• A conical, muscular organ, located in the ____________

A

middle mediastinum

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2
Q

The weight of the heart varies according to sex and age;
• Males _____-____g
• Females -____-____g

A

300-350

250-300

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3
Q

The heart of an individual is roughly the size of his ______

A

clenched fist

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4
Q

Which is thicker?

Right ventricle or left ventricle?

A

Left ventricle

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5
Q

List the 4 valves and arrange them in order of descending valvular diameter

A

Tricuspid
Mitral
Pulmonary
Aortic

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6
Q

Normal Anatomy: Boundaries

• Right border- ______
• Left border- mainly by the ____ and ___________

A

Right atrium

Left ventricles ; appendages of the left atrium

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7
Q

Normal Anatomy: Boundaries

• Left border- by _____ and ________

• Anterior surface- by _______ and _____

A

Right ventricle ; apex of left ventricle

Right ventricle and Left ventricle

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8
Q

The RIGHT side consist of RA and RV.
• It is responsible for the ____ circulation

• RA receives blood mainly from the ______ and ______

A

pulmonary

IVC and SVC

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9
Q

• The wall of the Right atrium contains the ________ (a shallow depression on the atrial septum that marks the site of the _______________)

A

fossa ovalis

foetal foramen ovale

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10
Q

The Right ventricle is joined to the Right atrium by the ______ valve.

A

tricuspid

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11
Q

The free margins of the A-V valves are tethered to the ventricular walls by the _______ attached to the ________ which are contiguous with the ventricular wall.

A

chordae tendinae

papillary muscles

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12
Q

The Moderator band crosses the ________ to the _______

A

ventricular septum

anterior wall

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13
Q

The Moderator band

• It conveys the (left or right?) branch of the _________

A

Right

AV bundle

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14
Q

The outflow tract of the right side of the heart is the _______-

A

pulmonary orifice

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15
Q

The Left ventricle communicates with the Left atrium through the ___________

A

mitral valve

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16
Q

The 2 cusps of the mitral valve are attached to the papillary muscles by _________

A

chordae tendinae

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17
Q

• The left wall is marked by (thin or thick?) muscular elevations referred to as _________

A

Thick

trabeculae carnae

18
Q

The outflow channel of the left ventricle is guarded by the ______

A

aortic valve

19
Q

The outflow of blood in a normal heart is unidirectional

T/F

A

T

20
Q

Normal Anatomy: Layers

• Epicardium- contains ______________

• Myocardium- has _____________

• Endocardium- contains the _________

A

coronary vessels and fat

myocytes and blood vessels

endothelium and intima

21
Q

Hypertrophy, increase in ______ or _____ of the ventricular wall.

A

weight or thickness

22
Q

Dilatation: ________ of the cardiac chambers. This is shown by the ________.

A

enlargement

valvular margins

23
Q

In dilatation, Closure of the valves leaves _______, since the valvular cusps are _________

A

a hole

not well apposed.

24
Q

The _________ is the best indication of cardiomegaly

A

weight

25
Q

Cardiac myocytes make up to _____% of the total number of cells in the myocardium.

A

25

26
Q

MYOCARDIUM

cells are,
•_________ (25%)
•________ cells
• _________ cells
• _________ cells
• Specialised myocardial cells known as ________ cells

A

myocytes

Endothelial

Connective tissue

Inflammatory

Purkinje

27
Q

Myocardium
• Purkinje cells are specialized _______ and ______ myocytes with few _______ elements

A

excitatory and conducting

contractile

28
Q

Myocardium: Purkinje cells

It is involved in the regulation of the _________ of the heart. It is plenty in the ________

A

rate and rhythm

SA node

29
Q

SA node- the _____ of the heart, located at ____________________

A

pacemaker

the junction btw the right atrial appendage and SVC

30
Q

AV node located at the junction of the _______ and. __________

A

right atrium and interventricular septum

31
Q

Bundle of His is at the _________. It divides at the _______ into right and left branches

A

interventricular septum

cardiac apex

32
Q

Problems with the conducting system of the heart leads to _______

A

Heart Block.

33
Q

Normal Anatomy: Blood Supply

•A) Epicardial vessels

The _____ arteries supply the cardiac muscle and are composed of the _______________ arteries

A

coronary

right and left coronary

34
Q

Normal Anatomy: Blood Supply
• A) Epicardial vessels

• - left main coronary artery is derived from the _______________. It divides early in its course jnto 2; __________ and ________

A

left posterior aortic sinus

LAD & left circumflex artery

35
Q

Blood Supply

The right coronary artery supply the entire _______________, adjacent half of _____________________ and posterior 3rd of ___________

A

right ventricular free wall

posterior wall of the left ventricle

interventricular septum

36
Q

Blood Supply

• Blood flow in the heart typically passes from the coronary artery terminals to the ____cardium, then ____cardium.

A

epi

Endo

37
Q

In case of myocardial ischaemia the ______cardium is generally the most vulnerable site

A

Endo

38
Q

Blood Supply
• A)______ arteries
• B) _______ Arteries
• C) Endocardium

A

Coronary

Intramuscular

39
Q

Blood Supply

• The right and left coronary artery are ________, though there are numerous ______ between them which may open up when __________
• It is however _____________

A

end arteries

collaterals

one is blocked.

not very effective

40
Q

• C) Endocardium is supplied by ______ from the chambers

A

diffusion

41
Q

Free wall thickness

  • RV(_____-_____ cm)
    LV(_____-______ cm)
A

0.3-0.5

1.3-1.5

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