Atypical Pneumoniae Flashcards
Viral and mycoplasmal organisms
These organisms produce ______ inflammatory changes in the lungs that are restricted to the ________ and ________
It is referred to as ‘ ________ pneumonia’
patchy
alveolar septa and pulmonary interstitium.
atypical
Viral and mycoplasmal organisms
It is referred to as ‘atypical pneumonia’ because
the _________ produced is _______,
no physical finding of __________,
lack of __________ and
only moderate ___________
amount of sputum; moderate
consolidation
alveolar exudates
elevation of white cell count.
Mycoplasma pneumonia is most commonly seen in _____________
children and young adults.
Mycoplasma is a type of _______ that is special because it is _________
It is frequently seen in __________ (schools, military camps & prisons).
bacteria; without cell wall.
closed communities
Other causes of atypical pneumonia include
______
________ pneumonia
____________ (Q fever).
viruses
Chlamydia
Coxiella burnetti
Other causes of atypical pneumonia include viruses (_________,________,_________,__________)
Influenza virus type A and B, respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus and parainfluenza virus
________ account for the largest proportion of causes of childhood pneumonia.
Viruses
_________ is the second commonest cause of community acquired pneumonia (behind ___________), ranging from from 13-___% of diagnosed cases.
Viral pneumonia
streptococcus pneumonia
50
Viral pneumonia
Diagnosis is aided by _____
In _______% of symptomatic cases, causative organism could not be identified even with the current available diagnostic technique.
PCR
50-80
Mechanism of transmission varies with the type of virus.
Routes –
________ factors (adenovirus, enterovirus, rhinovirus)
Direct contact with contaminated objects ( _____ )
Transplantation of contaminated organs or blood products (_____)
Lower-respiratory aspiration of virus asymptomatically shed in the ______
Environmental
VZV; CMV
saliva
Mechanism of transmission varies with the type of virus.
Routes –
Reactivation of latent infection (____,____)
Haematogenous spread (_____)
Spread by healthcare personnel ( ____,_____,_______,______)
HSV, CMV
CMV
SARS, measles, adenovirus, parainfluenza virus, RSV
Mechanism of transmission varies with the type of virus.
Routes –
________ factors (adenovirus, enterovirus,
rhinovirus)
_________ with contaminated objects (VZV)
__________ of ______ or _________ (CMV)
______-respiratory aspiration of virus asymptomatically shed in the saliva
_______ of ________ infection (HSV, CMV)
_________ spread (CMV)
Spread by __________(SARS, measles, adenovirus, parainfluenza virus, RSV)
Environmental
Direct contact
Transplantation of contaminated organs or blood products
Lower; Reactivation of latent
Haematogenous; healthcare personnel
Aetiologic viruses include various families, as follows:
________ (adenoviruses)
__________ (coronaviruses)
__________ (arboviruses) –Hantavirus
Adenoviridae
Coronaviridae
Bunyaviridae
Aetiologic viruses include various families, as follows:
_________ - Influenza virus
___________ (_______) – JC virus, BK virus
___________ –Parainfluenza virus (PIV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), human metapneumovirus (hMPV), measles virus
Orthomyxoviridae
Papovaviridae; polyomavirus
Paramyxoviridae
Aetiologic viruses include various families, as follows:
__________ – Enteroviruses, coxsackievirus, echovirus, enterovirus 71, rhinovirus
___________ (rotavirus)
__________ - Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), human lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1)
Picornaviridae
Reoviridae
Retroviridae
Most of the members of Herpesviridae family are documented lung pathogens in hosts with compromised cell immunity
T/F
T
Pathogenesis of atypical pneumonia :
Common to all these infectious agents is the attachment of the organism to the ________________,
________ of the cells and an inflammatory response.
Initial __________ may be followed by _______ into the ______ in some cases.
There is damage to ______ clearance and this predisposes to ___________________
upper respiratory tract epithelium
necrosis
interstitial inflammation ; fluid exudation
alveoli
mucociliary; secondary bacterial infection.
Morphology of atypical pneumonia :
It may be _____, or involve both lobes bilaterally or unilaterally.
The alveolar septa are (narrowed or widened?) , (non-oedematous or oedematous?) and are infiltrated by lymphocytes, histiocytes and plasma cells.
The alveoli may be free of ______ but in patients with intra-alveolar exudates, ______ membrane lining similar to those in ________ disease of infants are seen.
patchy
widened; oedematous
exudates; pink hyaline
hyaline membrane
Morphology of atypical pneumonia
The changes are similar to those of ______.
ARDS
In superimposed bacterial infection, ulcerative _______, ———— and ________ may be present.
bronchitis
bronchiolitis
bacterial pneumonia
Epithelial giant cells with ________ or ________ inclusions may be seen in __________ disease.
intranuclear or intracytoplasmic
cytomegalic inclusion
Clinical course of atypical pneumonia–
This is varied, many patients present as ______________ infections.
______ may be absent and major presentation may consist of ____, headache, muscle aches and pains in the _____
The symptoms produced are often _________ of the pulmonary oedema and exudates.
severe upper respiratory tract
Cough; fever; legs
out of proportion
Clinical course of atypical pneumonia–
___________ form is differentiated from the other forms of atypical pneumonia by detection of elevated _________ titers.
This is seen in 50% of ________ and 20% of ——— infections but absent in other viral pneumonia.
Mycoplasma pneumonia
cold agglutinin
M pneumonia
adenovirus
Mycoplasma Pneumonia: Atypical pneumonia
Can’t see on gram stain (no ______)
Classically causes outbreaks in ________
cell wall
young adults
Mycoplasma Pneumonia: Atypical pneumonia
Found often in College dorm residents Military recruits
Chests x-Ray looks (better or worse?) than symptoms
worse
Mycoplasma Pneumonia: Atypical pneumonia
Can cause ————- anemia that affects the Ig__ antibody → RBC antigen
____________ syndrome
Cold autoimmune hemolytic
M
Stevens-Johnson
