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House AMP > Atypical Pneumoniae > Flashcards

Atypical Pneumoniae Flashcards

1
Q

Viral and mycoplasmal organisms

These organisms produce ______ inflammatory changes in the lungs that are restricted to the ________ and ________

It is referred to as ‘ ________ pneumonia’

A

patchy

alveolar septa and pulmonary interstitium.

atypical

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2
Q

Viral and mycoplasmal organisms

It is referred to as ‘atypical pneumonia’ because

 the _________ produced is _______,

 no physical finding of __________,

 lack of __________ and

 only moderate ___________

A

amount of sputum; moderate

consolidation

alveolar exudates

elevation of white cell count.

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3
Q

Mycoplasma pneumonia is most commonly seen in _____________

A

children and young adults.

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4
Q

Mycoplasma is a type of _______ that is special because it is _________

It is frequently seen in __________ (schools, military camps & prisons).

A

bacteria; without cell wall.

closed communities

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5
Q

Other causes of atypical pneumonia include
______
________ pneumonia
____________ (Q fever).

A

viruses

Chlamydia

Coxiella burnetti

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6
Q

Other causes of atypical pneumonia include viruses (_________,________,_________,__________)

A

Influenza virus type A and B, respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus and parainfluenza virus

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7
Q

________ account for the largest proportion of causes of childhood pneumonia.

A

Viruses

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8
Q

_________ is the second commonest cause of community acquired pneumonia (behind ___________), ranging from from 13-___% of diagnosed cases.

A

Viral pneumonia

streptococcus pneumonia

50

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9
Q

Viral pneumonia

Diagnosis is aided by _____

In _______% of symptomatic cases, causative organism could not be identified even with the current available diagnostic technique.

A

PCR

50-80

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10
Q

Mechanism of transmission varies with the type of virus.

Routes –
________ factors (adenovirus, enterovirus, rhinovirus)
 Direct contact with contaminated objects ( _____ )
 Transplantation of contaminated organs or blood products (_____)
 Lower-respiratory aspiration of virus asymptomatically shed in the ______

A

Environmental

VZV; CMV

saliva

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11
Q

Mechanism of transmission varies with the type of virus.

Routes –

 Reactivation of latent infection (____,____)

 Haematogenous spread (_____)

 Spread by healthcare personnel ( ____,_____,_______,______)

A

HSV, CMV

CMV

SARS, measles, adenovirus, parainfluenza virus, RSV

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12
Q

Mechanism of transmission varies with the type of virus.
Routes –

________ factors (adenovirus, enterovirus,
rhinovirus)
_________ with contaminated objects (VZV)
__________ of ______ or _________ (CMV)

______-respiratory aspiration of virus asymptomatically shed in the saliva
 _______ of ________ infection (HSV, CMV)
_________ spread (CMV)

 Spread by __________(SARS, measles, adenovirus, parainfluenza virus, RSV)

A

Environmental

Direct contact

Transplantation of contaminated organs or blood products

Lower; Reactivation of latent

Haematogenous; healthcare personnel

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13
Q

Aetiologic viruses include various families, as follows:

________ (adenoviruses)
__________ (coronaviruses)
__________ (arboviruses) –Hantavirus

A

Adenoviridae

Coronaviridae

Bunyaviridae

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14
Q

Aetiologic viruses include various families, as follows:

 _________ - Influenza virus

___________ (_______) – JC virus, BK virus

___________ –Parainfluenza virus (PIV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), human metapneumovirus (hMPV), measles virus

A

Orthomyxoviridae

Papovaviridae; polyomavirus

Paramyxoviridae

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15
Q

Aetiologic viruses include various families, as follows:

__________ – Enteroviruses, coxsackievirus, echovirus, enterovirus 71, rhinovirus

___________ (rotavirus)

__________ - Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), human lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1)

A

Picornaviridae

Reoviridae

Retroviridae

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16
Q

Most of the members of Herpesviridae family are documented lung pathogens in hosts with compromised cell immunity

T/F

A

T

17
Q

Pathogenesis of atypical pneumonia :

 Common to all these infectious agents is the attachment of the organism to the ________________,

________ of the cells and an inflammatory response.

 Initial __________ may be followed by _______ into the ______ in some cases.

 There is damage to ______ clearance and this predisposes to ___________________

A

upper respiratory tract epithelium

necrosis

interstitial inflammation ; fluid exudation

alveoli

mucociliary; secondary bacterial infection.

18
Q

Morphology of atypical pneumonia :

 It may be _____, or involve both lobes bilaterally or unilaterally.

 The alveolar septa are (narrowed or widened?) , (non-oedematous or oedematous?) and are infiltrated by lymphocytes, histiocytes and plasma cells.

 The alveoli may be free of ______ but in patients with intra-alveolar exudates, ______ membrane lining similar to those in ________ disease of infants are seen.

A

patchy

widened; oedematous

exudates; pink hyaline

hyaline membrane

19
Q

Morphology of atypical pneumonia

The changes are similar to those of ______.

A

ARDS

20
Q

In superimposed bacterial infection, ulcerative _______, ———— and ________ may be present.

A

bronchitis

bronchiolitis

bacterial pneumonia

21
Q

Epithelial giant cells with ________ or ________ inclusions may be seen in __________ disease.

A

intranuclear or intracytoplasmic

cytomegalic inclusion

22
Q

Clinical course of atypical pneumonia–

 This is varied, many patients present as ______________ infections.

 ______ may be absent and major presentation may consist of ____, headache, muscle aches and pains in the _____

 The symptoms produced are often _________ of the pulmonary oedema and exudates.

A

severe upper respiratory tract

Cough; fever; legs

out of proportion

23
Q

Clinical course of atypical pneumonia–

___________ form is differentiated from the other forms of atypical pneumonia by detection of elevated _________ titers.

 This is seen in 50% of ________ and 20% of ——— infections but absent in other viral pneumonia.

A

Mycoplasma pneumonia

cold agglutinin

M pneumonia

adenovirus

24
Q

Mycoplasma Pneumonia: Atypical pneumonia

Can’t see on gram stain (no ______)

Classically causes outbreaks in ________

A

cell wall

young adults

25
Q

Mycoplasma Pneumonia: Atypical pneumonia

Found often in College dorm residents Military recruits

Chests x-Ray looks (better or worse?) than symptoms

A

worse

26
Q

Mycoplasma Pneumonia: Atypical pneumonia

Can cause ————- anemia that affects the Ig__ antibody → RBC antigen

____________ syndrome

A

Cold autoimmune hemolytic

M

Stevens-Johnson

House AMP (66 decks)

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