Oncology - FISS and SCC

Question 1

What is a feline injection site sarcoma (FISS)?

Answer 1

A mesenchymal tumor that develops after vaccination or other SQ tissue trauma

Question 2

What can FISS be?

Answer 2

FIBROSARCOMAS, rhabdomyosarcomas, malignant fibrous histiocytomas, undifferentiated sarcomas, extraskeletal osteosarcomas, chondrosarcomas, and myxosarcomas

Question 3

What are the risk factors for FISS?

Answer 3

SQ killed vacciantions
SQ injections, fluids, pacemakers, and microchips

Literally any SQ insult

Question 4

When can FISS develop post injection?

Answer 4

4 weeks to 10 years after the insult

Question 5

The ____ the vaccination per site, the _____ the risk for developing a FISS.

Answer 5

More, higher

Question 6

What is the pathogenesis for FISS?

Answer 6

Inflammation driven that leads to transformed cells

Question 7

What clinical signs are associated with FISS?

Answer 7

Firm, irregular mass in the typical vaccine site
non-painful - sometimes
appears encapsulated
can be ulcerated

Question 8

How do you diagnose a FISS?

Answer 8

Minimum database
Chest rads
CT/MRI
FNA
Biopsy

Question 9

When should masses at vaccination sites be treated?

Answer 9

If the mass is still evident 3 or more months after vaccination
The mass is >2cm in diameter
Mass is growing 1 month after vaccine administration

Question 10

What are the treatment options for FISS?

Answer 10

Surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy

Question 11

What should you not do when doing surgery for FISS?

Answer 11

marginal resection

Question 12

In cases of doing surgery for FISS, what significantly reduces survival time?

Answer 12

marginal resection, increased number of surgical interventions, and surgery by non-referral surgeons

Question 13

What are the recommended margins for FISS?

Answer 13

5 cm lateral margins and 2 fascial planes deep

Question 14

What is the most common complication associated with intercaspular FISS?

Answer 14

wound dehischence - 11%

Question 15

When is radiation indicated for FISS?

Answer 15

If there is marginal excision or dirty margins

Question 16

When should radiation therapy begin in cases of FISS?

Answer 16

10-14 days after surgery

Question 17

Can stereotactic radiation be used to treat FISS?

Answer 17

Yes - there have been studies that it can help

Question 18

What is the metastasis rate for FISS?

Answer 18

20% in late disease

Question 19

If you decide to use chemotherapy for FISS, what agent should you use?

Answer 19

Doxorubicin

Backup - mitoxantrone, vincristine

Question 20

What prognostic factors are associated with FISS?

Answer 20

FeLV status - + is worse
Histologic grade
Site
Aggressive surgery

Question 21

What is the behavior of FISS?

Answer 21

They are very aggressive

Question 22

What are the most common oral tumors in cats?

Answer 22

Squamous cell carcinomas

Question 23

What is the recommended treatment for feline oral tumors?

Answer 23

surgery if possible

Question 24

What chemotherapy agent can be used for feline oral tumors?

Answer 24

Palladia

Question 25

True or False: Feline oral SCC often involve the local bones

Answer 25

true

Question 26

What does prognosis for oral SCC depend on?

Answer 26

Size and surgery

Question 27

Can oral melanoma happen in cats?

Answer 27

yes, but it is rare

Question 28

What is the metastatic rate for feline oral melanoma?

Answer 28

high- 66%

Question 29

What treatments can be done for feline oral melanoma?

Answer 29

Surgery, radiation therapy, and carboplatin

Question 30

What are eosinophilic granulomas?

Answer 30

Rodent ulcer/indolent ulcer that is no cancerous

Question 31

When you think you have an eosinophilic granuloma, what diagnostic method must you do before treatment?

Answer 31

Biopsies because you need to distinguish it from SCC or FSA

Question 32

How are eosinophilic granulomas treated?

Answer 32

Oral prednisolone, hypoallergenic diets, radiation therapy, surgery, immunomodulation, or cryosurgery

Question 33

What is the prognosis for eosinophilic granulomas?

Answer 33

Fair for compete recovery

Question 34

What is the number one most common feline oral tumor?

Answer 34

squamous cell carcinoma

Question 35

When examining a cats mouth, what should you always do?

Answer 35

look under the tongue

Question 36

What is the prognosis for oral tumors in cats?

Answer 36

poor

Question 37

What are risk factors for oral SCC in cats?

Answer 37

smoking, old school flea collars, and canned tuna

Question 38

What type of cancers can FeLV cause?

Answer 38

any hematopoietic neoplasm

Question 39

How do we prevent FeLV?

Answer 39

Eliminate contact and vaccination

Question 40

Does FeLV cause cancer?

Answer 40

Yes

Question 41

Does FIV cause cancer?

Answer 41

No, it suppresses the immune system, preventing the ability to detect cancer

Question 42

What is the most common cancer associated with FeLV infection?

Answer 42

Mediastinal lymphoma