Oncology - FISS and SCC Flashcards
What is a feline injection site sarcoma (FISS)?
A mesenchymal tumor that develops after vaccination or other SQ tissue trauma
What can FISS be?
FIBROSARCOMAS, rhabdomyosarcomas, malignant fibrous histiocytomas, undifferentiated sarcomas, extraskeletal osteosarcomas, chondrosarcomas, and myxosarcomas
What are the risk factors for FISS?
SQ killed vacciantions
SQ injections, fluids, pacemakers, and microchips
Literally any SQ insult
When can FISS develop post injection?
4 weeks to 10 years after the insult
The ____ the vaccination per site, the _____ the risk for developing a FISS.
More, higher
What is the pathogenesis for FISS?
Inflammation driven that leads to transformed cells
What clinical signs are associated with FISS?
Firm, irregular mass in the typical vaccine site
non-painful - sometimes
appears encapsulated
can be ulcerated
How do you diagnose a FISS?
Minimum database Chest rads CT/MRI FNA Biopsy
When should masses at vaccination sites be treated?
If the mass is still evident 3 or more months after vaccination
The mass is >2cm in diameter
Mass is growing 1 month after vaccine administration
What are the treatment options for FISS?
Surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy
What should you not do when doing surgery for FISS?
marginal resection
In cases of doing surgery for FISS, what significantly reduces survival time?
marginal resection, increased number of surgical interventions, and surgery by non-referral surgeons
What are the recommended margins for FISS?
5 cm lateral margins and 2 fascial planes deep
What is the most common complication associated with intercaspular FISS?
wound dehischence - 11%
When is radiation indicated for FISS?
If there is marginal excision or dirty margins
When should radiation therapy begin in cases of FISS?
10-14 days after surgery
Can stereotactic radiation be used to treat FISS?
Yes - there have been studies that it can help
What is the metastasis rate for FISS?
20% in late disease
If you decide to use chemotherapy for FISS, what agent should you use?
Doxorubicin
Backup - mitoxantrone, vincristine
What prognostic factors are associated with FISS?
FeLV status - + is worse
Histologic grade
Site
Aggressive surgery
What is the behavior of FISS?
They are very aggressive
What are the most common oral tumors in cats?
Squamous cell carcinomas
What is the recommended treatment for feline oral tumors?
surgery if possible
What chemotherapy agent can be used for feline oral tumors?
Palladia
True or False: Feline oral SCC often involve the local bones
true
What does prognosis for oral SCC depend on?
Size and surgery
Can oral melanoma happen in cats?
yes, but it is rare
What is the metastatic rate for feline oral melanoma?
high- 66%
What treatments can be done for feline oral melanoma?
Surgery, radiation therapy, and carboplatin
What are eosinophilic granulomas?
Rodent ulcer/indolent ulcer that is no cancerous
When you think you have an eosinophilic granuloma, what diagnostic method must you do before treatment?
Biopsies because you need to distinguish it from SCC or FSA
How are eosinophilic granulomas treated?
Oral prednisolone, hypoallergenic diets, radiation therapy, surgery, immunomodulation, or cryosurgery
What is the prognosis for eosinophilic granulomas?
Fair for compete recovery
What is the number one most common feline oral tumor?
squamous cell carcinoma
When examining a cats mouth, what should you always do?
look under the tongue
What is the prognosis for oral tumors in cats?
poor
What are risk factors for oral SCC in cats?
smoking, old school flea collars, and canned tuna
What type of cancers can FeLV cause?
any hematopoietic neoplasm
How do we prevent FeLV?
Eliminate contact and vaccination
Does FeLV cause cancer?
Yes
Does FIV cause cancer?
No, it suppresses the immune system, preventing the ability to detect cancer
What is the most common cancer associated with FeLV infection?
Mediastinal lymphoma
