Neuro - Peripheral Nerve Diseases Flashcards
What degenerative diseases affect the peripheral nervous system?
neuropathies and myopathies
What metabolic diseases affect the peripheral nervous system?
diabetic neuropathies and polymyopathies
What neoplastic diseases affect the peripheral nervous system?
nerve sheath tumors
What infectious diseases affect the peripheral nervous system?
botulism, tetanus, and toxoplasmosis/neosporosis
What non-infectious diseases affect the peripheral nervous system?
myasthenia gravis, coonhound paralysis, brachial plexus neuritis, polymyositis, masseter muscle myositis
What idiopathic diseases affect the peripheral nervous system?
laryngeal paralysis, myotonia, neuropathies, motor neuronopathies, scotty cramp, familiar myoclonus of Labrador retreivers, dancing doberman syndrome, and dysatonia
What traumatic diseases affect the peripheral nervous system?
brachial plexus avulsion
What toxic diseases affect the peripheral nervous system?
tick paralysis and organophosphate toxicity
What vascular diseases affect the peripheral nervous system?
aortic thromboembolism
What are the big three diffuse lower motor neuron diseases?
botulism, coonhound paralysis (polyradiculoneuritis), and tick paralysis
What does botulism toxin due to the nervous system?
It prevents the release of ACH
What cranial nerve signs are associated with Botulism?
dysphagia, dysphonia, and megaesophagus
What does the toxin in patients with tick paralysis do to the nervous system?
It prevents the release of ACH
Where are the diffuse LMN signs associated with tick paralysis typically seen first?
In the pelvic limbs, then they progress to the thoracic limbs
What cranial nerve signs are associated with tick paralysis?
The cranial nerves are typically normal but there is occasionally mild facial muscle weakness reported and decreased palpebral
What is Coonhound paralysis (polyradiculoneuritis)?
immune mediated, inflammatory disease of the nerve roots (proximal nerves)
Where are the diffuse LMN signs associated with Coonhound paralysis initially noted?
the pelvic limbs
What cranial nerve signs are associated with Coonhound paralysis?
The cranial nerves are typically normal but there is occasionally mild facial muscle weakness reported and decreased palpebral
What clinical finding distinguishes Coonhound paralysis from tick paralysis and botulism?
dogs are often hyperesthetic to minimal stimulation
What are the 2 clinical forms of myasthenia gravis?
focal and diffuse
What disease process is associated with focal myasthenia gravis?
megaesophagus
What are the 2 clinical causes of myasthenia gravis?
congenital vs. acquired
What breeds commonly get congenital mysathenia gravis?
Jack Russell Terriers, Smooth-coated Fox terrier, Springer Spaniels, and Samoyed breeds
Generally, what is myasthenia gravis?
grave muscle weakness
What clinical signs are associated with myasthenia gravis?
classically exercise induced muscle weakness
How do myasthenia gravis patients step and how is their gait?
step distance is short and the gait is progressively stiff and stilted
What cranial nerve reflex is decreased in patients with myasthenia gravis?
decreased palpebral reflex
How is myasthenia gravis diagnosed?
clinical signs, tensilon response test, AntiACH receptor antibody test, and biopsy of the intercostal muscle
What is neuropraxia?
physiologic disruption of function without anatomical damage
What is axonotmesis?
anatomical disruption of some axons
What is neurotmesis?
complete transection
