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Small Animal Medicine > Cardio - ECG > Flashcards

Cardio - ECG Flashcards

1
Q

What are ECGs great at telling us?

A

HR, arrhythmias, conduction abnormalities

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2
Q

What are ECGs good at telling us?

A

Chamber enlargement (specific but not sensitive)

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3
Q

What are ECGs bad at telling us?

A

Mechanical activity of the heart

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4
Q

What is an arrhythmia?

A

General term to describe electrical activity that has an irregular rhythm and/or an abnormal HR

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5
Q

What is an electrocardiogram?

A

ECG - graph of the electrical activity of the heart

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6
Q

How wide are the “small” boxes on an ECG strip?

A

1 mm

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7
Q

How wide are the “big” boxes on an ECG strip?

A

5 mm

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8
Q

What is the amplitude of an ECG strip?

A

10 mm/mV

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9
Q

What are the 2 common paper speeds for ECGs?

A

25 mm/sec and 50 mm/sec

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10
Q

What is the normal electrical activity of the heart?

A
  1. The SA node initiates normal electrical events (“pacemaker”)
  2. Signals –> AV node that slowly conducts electricity to allow atria to contract and empty blood into ventricles before depolarizing the ventricles
  3. Signals –> L bundle branch/LV and R bundle branch/RV
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11
Q

Mechanical activity of the heart follows _____ _____.

A

electrical activity

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12
Q

What is highlighted and what occurs here?

A

P wave - atrial depolarization

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13
Q

What is highlighted and what occurs here?

A

PR (or PQ) interval - conduction slowly passes through AV node

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14
Q

What is highlighted and what occurs here?

A

QRS complex - ventricular depolarization

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15
Q

What is highlighted and what occurs here?

A

T wave - ventricular repolarization

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16
Q

What is A depicting?

A

Atrial depolarization (SA node)

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17
Q

What is B depicting?

A

Conduction of signals slowly through the AV node

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18
Q

What is C depicting?

A

Ventricular depolarization (L and R bundle branches to the respective chambers)

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19
Q

What is D depicting?

A

Ventricular repolarization

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20
Q

How is HR calculated on a 25 mm/sec strip?

A

QRS in 15 big boxes (3 sec) x 20

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21
Q

How is HR calculated on a 50 mm/sec strip?

A

QRS in 30 big boxes (3 seconds) x 20

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22
Q

What “trick” can be used to measure 3 seconds in a 50 mm/sec strip?

A

Use a BIC pen

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23
Q

What is the average HR here?

A

160 bpm

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24
Q

What is the average HR here?

A

80 bpm

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25
Q

What is the average HR here?

A

240 bpm

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26
Q

What are potential causes for bradyarrhythmia that can be seen on an ECG?

A

Sinus bradycardia, AV block, atrial standstill, sinus pause/arrest

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27
Q

What are some ECG findings that will still have a normal HR?

A

Normal sinus rhythm, 1st degree AV block, intermittent ventricular arrhythmia, intermittent supraventricular arrhythmia

28
Q

What is a normal HR for dogs?

A

60-160 bpm

29
Q

What is a normal HR for cats?

A

140-240 bpm

30
Q

What is a normal HR for horses?

A

24-45 bpm

31
Q

What are potential findings on an ECG that shows tachyarrhythmia?

A

Sinus tachycardia, ventricular tachycardia, supraventricular tachycardia (SVT), atrial fibrillation (a type of SVT)

32
Q

What is a regularly irregular arrhythmia?

A

Irregular rhythm with a discernable pattern to the irregularity.

(This is a characteristic of sinus arrhythmias)

33
Q

What is an irregularly irregular arrhythmia?

A

Irregular rhythm without a discernable pattern to the irregularity.

(This is characteristic of atrial fibrillation)

34
Q

How can you tell if a beat is of sinus origin?

A

Every P has a QRS and every QRS has a P (QRS usually is narrow)

35
Q

How can you tell if a beat is of supraventricular ectopic origin?

A

Narrow QRS complex that looks like sinus origin;

P’ waves may have different morphology than sinus P waves (taller/small, wider/narrower) or be absent

36
Q

How can you tell if a beat is of ventricular ectopic origin?

A

Wide and bizarre QRS complex, no P waves

37
Q

This is a _____ rhythm.

A

regular

38
Q

This is a _____ _____ rhythm.

A

regularly irregular

39
Q

This is a _____ _____ rhythm.

A

Irregularly irregular

40
Q

What is the origin of this rhythm?

A

sinus

41
Q

What is the origin of this rhythm?

A

supraventricular

42
Q

What is the origin of this rhythm?

A

ventricular

43
Q

Every 10 mm is ___mV

A

1

44
Q

1 small box = ___ sec

A

0.02

45
Q

1 small box = ___ mV

A

0.1

46
Q

What is the P wave duration in this ECG?

A

0.04 sec

47
Q

What is the P wave height in this ECG?

A

0.3 mV

48
Q

What is the PR/PQ interval in this ECG?

A

0.14 sec

49
Q

What is the QRS duration in this ECG?

A

0.04 sec

50
Q

What is the R wave height in this ECG?

A

1.54 mV

51
Q

What is the ST segment in this ECG?

A

0.02 sec

52
Q

What is the QT interval inthis ECG?

A

0.2 sec

53
Q

A

A

P wave

54
Q

B

A

PQ interval

55
Q

C

A

QT interval

56
Q

D

A

Q

57
Q

E

A

R

58
Q

F

A

S

59
Q

G

A

ST segment

60
Q

H

A

T wave

61
Q

I

A

0.1 mV

62
Q

J

A

0.02 sec

63
Q

K

A

0.5 mV

64
Q

L

A

0.1 sec

65
Q

This is an ECG from a 2y FS mixed breed dog. What is the diagnosis for this ECG?

A

Atrial standstill (no P wave, low rate, supraventricular) with RV enlargement (deep S wave)

Small Animal Medicine (100 decks)

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