Cardio - ECG

Question 1

What are ECGs great at telling us?

Answer 1

HR, arrhythmias, conduction abnormalities

Question 2

What are ECGs good at telling us?

Answer 2

Chamber enlargement (specific but not sensitive)

Question 3

What are ECGs bad at telling us?

Answer 3

Mechanical activity of the heart

Question 4

What is an arrhythmia?

Answer 4

General term to describe electrical activity that has an irregular rhythm and/or an abnormal HR

Question 5

What is an electrocardiogram?

Answer 5

ECG - graph of the electrical activity of the heart

Question 6

How wide are the “small” boxes on an ECG strip?

Answer 6

1 mm

Question 7

How wide are the “big” boxes on an ECG strip?

Answer 7

5 mm

Question 8

What is the amplitude of an ECG strip?

Answer 8

10 mm/mV

Question 9

What are the 2 common paper speeds for ECGs?

Answer 9

25 mm/sec and 50 mm/sec

Question 10

What is the normal electrical activity of the heart?

Answer 10

1. The SA node initiates normal electrical events (“pacemaker”)
2. Signals –> AV node that slowly conducts electricity to allow atria to contract and empty blood into ventricles before depolarizing the ventricles
3. Signals –> L bundle branch/LV and R bundle branch/RV

Question 11

Mechanical activity of the heart follows _____ _____.

Answer 11

electrical activity

Question 12

What is highlighted and what occurs here?

Answer 12

P wave - atrial depolarization

Question 13

What is highlighted and what occurs here?

Answer 13

PR (or PQ) interval - conduction slowly passes through AV node

Question 14

What is highlighted and what occurs here?

Answer 14

QRS complex - ventricular depolarization

Question 15

What is highlighted and what occurs here?

Answer 15

T wave - ventricular repolarization

Question 16

What is A depicting?

Answer 16

Atrial depolarization (SA node)

Question 17

What is B depicting?

Answer 17

Conduction of signals slowly through the AV node

Question 18

What is C depicting?

Answer 18

Ventricular depolarization (L and R bundle branches to the respective chambers)

Question 19

What is D depicting?

Answer 19

Ventricular repolarization

Question 20

How is HR calculated on a 25 mm/sec strip?

Answer 20

QRS in 15 big boxes (3 sec) x 20

Question 21

How is HR calculated on a 50 mm/sec strip?

Answer 21

QRS in 30 big boxes (3 seconds) x 20

Question 22

What “trick” can be used to measure 3 seconds in a 50 mm/sec strip?

Answer 22

Use a BIC pen

Question 23

What is the average HR here?

Answer 23

160 bpm

Question 24

What is the average HR here?

Answer 24

80 bpm

Question 25

What is the average HR here?

Answer 25

240 bpm

Question 26

What are potential causes for bradyarrhythmia that can be seen on an ECG?

Answer 26

Sinus bradycardia, AV block, atrial standstill, sinus pause/arrest

Question 27

What are some ECG findings that will still have a normal HR?

Answer 27

Normal sinus rhythm, 1st degree AV block, intermittent ventricular arrhythmia, intermittent supraventricular arrhythmia

Question 28

What is a normal HR for dogs?

Answer 28

60-160 bpm

Question 29

What is a normal HR for cats?

Answer 29

140-240 bpm

Question 30

What is a normal HR for horses?

Answer 30

24-45 bpm

Question 31

What are potential findings on an ECG that shows tachyarrhythmia?

Answer 31

Sinus tachycardia, ventricular tachycardia, supraventricular tachycardia (SVT), atrial fibrillation (a type of SVT)

Question 32

What is a regularly irregular arrhythmia?

Answer 32

Irregular rhythm _with_ a discernable pattern to the irregularity. (This is a characteristic of sinus arrhythmias)

Question 33

What is an irregularly irregular arrhythmia?

Answer 33

Irregular rhythm _without_ a discernable pattern to the irregularity. (This is characteristic of atrial fibrillation)

Question 34

How can you tell if a beat is of sinus origin?

Answer 34

Every P has a QRS and every QRS has a P (QRS usually is narrow)

Question 35

How can you tell if a beat is of supraventricular ectopic origin?

Answer 35

Narrow QRS complex that looks like sinus origin; P' waves may have different morphology than sinus P waves (taller/small, wider/narrower) or be absent

Question 36

How can you tell if a beat is of ventricular ectopic origin?

Answer 36

Wide and bizarre QRS complex, no P waves

Question 37

This is a _____ rhythm.

Answer 37

regular

Question 38

This is a _____ \_\_\_\_\_ rhythm.

Answer 38

regularly irregular

Question 39

This is a _____ \_\_\_\_\_ rhythm.

Answer 39

Irregularly irregular

Question 40

What is the origin of this rhythm?

Answer 40

sinus

Question 41

What is the origin of this rhythm?

Answer 41

supraventricular

Question 42

What is the origin of this rhythm?

Answer 42

ventricular

Question 43

Every 10 mm is \_\_\_mV

Answer 43

1

Question 44

1 small box = ___ sec

Answer 44

0.02

Question 45

1 small box = ___ mV

Answer 45

0.1

Question 46

What is the P wave duration in this ECG?

Answer 46

0.04 sec

Question 47

What is the P wave height in this ECG?

Answer 47

0.3 mV

Question 48

What is the PR/PQ interval in this ECG?

Answer 48

0.14 sec

Question 49

What is the QRS duration in this ECG?

Answer 49

0.04 sec

Question 50

What is the R wave height in this ECG?

Answer 50

1.54 mV

Question 51

What is the ST segment in this ECG?

Answer 51

0.02 sec

Question 52

What is the QT interval inthis ECG?

Answer 52

0.2 sec

Question 53

A

Answer 53

P wave

Question 54

B

Answer 54

PQ interval

Question 55

C

Answer 55

QT interval

Question 56

D

Answer 56

Q

Question 57

E

Answer 57

R

Question 58

F

Answer 58

S

Question 59

G

Answer 59

ST segment

Question 60

H

Answer 60

T wave

Question 61

I

Answer 61

0.1 mV

Question 62

J

Answer 62

0.02 sec

Question 63

K

Answer 63

0.5 mV

Question 64

L

Answer 64

0.1 sec

Question 65

This is an ECG from a 2y FS mixed breed dog. What is the diagnosis for this ECG?

Answer 65

Atrial standstill (no P wave, low rate, supraventricular) with RV enlargement (deep S wave)