Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Small Animal Medicine > Infectious Dz - Blood Borne 1 > Flashcards

Infectious Dz - Blood Borne 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What type of parasite is Babesia?

A

an intra-erythroyctic protozoan parasite of the Apicomplexa phylum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What Babesia species infects dogs?

A

Babesia canis vogeli and Babesia gibsoni

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Is Babesia canis vogeli a large or a small babesia species?

A

large

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the vector for Babesia canis vogeli?

A

Brown dog tick

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What breed of dog is predisposed to Babesia canis vogeli infection?

A

Greyhounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What breed is predisposed to Babesia gibsoni infection?

A

American Pit Bull Terrier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Is Babesia gibsoni a large or small Babesia species?

A

small Babesia species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What Babesia species affect cats?

A

Babesia felis, Babesia cati, and Babesia leo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How is Babesia transmitted?

A

Tick vectors, fighting, congenital transplacental transmission, and blood transfusions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Is Babesiosis acute or chronic? Uncomplicated or severe?

A

all of the above

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What clinical signs are associated with uncomplicated Babesiosis?

A

Anorexia, lethargy, weakness, pyrexia, and weight loss

Sometimes - jaundice, mucosal pallor, and urine discoloration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What disease processes are associated with uncomplicated Babesiosis?

A

Thrombocytopenia and anemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What type of thrombocytopenia do Babesia infected patients have?

A

Immune-mediated thrombocytopenia - do not bleed in this condition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What types of anemia can Babesia infected patients get?

A

Regenerative, hemolytic, and immune-mediated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What causes the anemia in patients infected with Babesia?

A

Direct RBC injury by the Babesia parasites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the clinical features of severe Babesiosis?

A

Severe sepsis-like syndrome with multiple organ dysfunction

Acute renal failure

Neurologic Complications

DIC

Acute respiratory distress syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What will a CBC show in patients with Babesiosis?

A

Thrombocytopenia, regenerative anemia, +/- autoagglutination, Coombs’ positive, and spherocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What will a chemistry panel show in patients with Babesiosis?

A

Nothing pathognomanic - hyperglobulinemia and mildly increased liver enzymes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What will a urinalysis show in Babesiosis patients?

A

Variable - Bilirubinuria, hemoglobinuria, and proteinuria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the best way to diagnose Babesia?

A

A combination of microscopy, serology, and PCR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the specificity and sensitivity of Cytology for Babesiosis?

A

highly specific, but not very sensitive

22
Q

What is the serology test do you do in Babesia patients? Why might it not be beneficial as a test alone?

A

Immunofluorescent antibody assays (IFA) on serum

Not all dogs will have an antibody response, especially early in disease

23
Q

What is the most sensitive test that can be done do diagnose Babesia?

A

PCR

24
Q

What is the treatment of choice for Babesia canis vogeli?

A

Imidocarb diproprionate

25
Q

What is the most effective treatment for Babesia gibsoni?

A

Atovaquone and azithromycin

26
Q

What supportive care is given patients with Babesiosis?

A

Packed red blood cell transfusion, intravenous crystalloid fluids, +/- glucocorticoids

27
Q

What is the prognosis for Babesiosis?

A

good with early diagnosis and appropriate treatment

28
Q

How is Babesiosis prevented?

A

Tick control, prevent dog fighting, and screen your blood donors with serology and PCR

29
Q

A 4 year FS Pit Bull presents to you with a week long history of anorexia and lethargy. Her physical exam is unremarkable other than a palpable spleen. CBC shows a moderate thrombocytopenia, but is otherwise normal. You think you see red cell inclusions that remind you of Babesia that you saw in your VCS 444 lectures. You think:

a. This cannot be Babesia as she is not anemic
b. You are ready to treat her for Babesia as the treatment for Babesia is the same regardless of the infecting Babesia species
c. It would be prudent to send off blood for Babesia PCR and to test for other vector borne disease that she could be co-infected with
d. You better have a heart to heart talk with the owners as most Babesia infections in the US progress to severe form that is almost always fatal.

A

c. It would be prudent to send off blood for Babesia PCR and to test for other vector borne disease that she could be co-infected with

30
Q

13 YO MC Pit bull with dark colored urine. He was diagnosed with a UTI and prescribed enrofloxacin. The next day he was very weak and diagnosed with anemia.

Based on the breed and blood smear, what do you think Boz is infected with?

a. Babesia canis
b. Babesia gibsoni

A

b. Babesia gibsoni

31
Q

13 YO MC Pit bull with dark colored urine. He was diagnosed with a UTI and prescribed enrofloxacin. The next day he was very weak and diagnosed with anemia. You have done a blood smear already and suspect that it is Babesia gibsoni. What test do you want to perform next?

a. Babesia serology
b. Babesia PCR

A

b. Babesia PCR

32
Q

13 YO MC Pit bull with dark colored urine. He was diagnosed with a UTI and prescribed enrofloxacin. The next day he was very weak and diagnosed with anemia. You have done a blood smear already and suspect that it is Babesia gibsoni. You do a PCR and confirm your suspicion. How do you want to treat him?

a. Imidocarb
b. Atovaquone and azithromycin

A

b. Atovaquone and azithromycin

33
Q

What is the etiologic agent of Cytauxzoonosis?

A

Cytauxzoon felis - a hemoprotozoan parasite of the phylum apicomplexa

34
Q

In very general terms, what is Cytauxzoonosis?

A

A life threatening acute febrile illness of cats

35
Q

What appears to be the reservoir host of Cytauxzoon felis?

A

Bobcats

36
Q

What are the two forms of the pathogen Cytauxzoon felis?

A

Non-erythrocytic and erythrocytic

37
Q

During what phase of the Cytauxzoon felis lifecycle does acute illness occur?

A

schizogenous phase

38
Q

What clinical signs are associated with Cytauxzoonosis?

A

Acute onset of lethargy and anorexia in a previously healthy cat

Tachypnea, dyspnea, icterus, vocalization, elevated 3rd eyelid

39
Q

What will you find on physical exam in patients with Cytauxzoonosis?

A

Fever, icterus, pallor, elevated 3rd eyelid, tachycardia, tachypnea, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, and lymphadenomegaly

40
Q

What will the CBC show in patients with Cytauxzoonosis?

A

Pancytopenia or bicytopenia, Leukopenia, neutropenia, lymphopenia, and thrombocytopenia

See a neutrophilia with bands

Hemolytic anemia days 7-14 after presentation

41
Q

What will the chemistry panel show in patients with Cytauxzoonosis?

A

nothing specific, hyperbilirubinemia from hepatic vascular occlusion and/or hemolysis, mild to moderate ALT and ALP elevation

42
Q

What will you find on UA in patients with Cytauxzoonosis?

A

Bilirubinuria

43
Q

What will you see on the coagulation panel in patients with Cytauxzoonosis?

A

Prolonged aPTT and PT (DIC)

44
Q

How do you diagnose Cytauxzoonosis?

A

Cytology, PCR, and serology

45
Q

What can you ID in a cytology that will confirm acute cytauxzoonosis?

A

Schizont laden mononuclear cells

46
Q

What structure on cytology cannot confirm cytauxzoon illness?

A

Piroplasms

47
Q

What is the most sensitive test for Cytauxzoon felis?

A

PCR

48
Q

Why is serology not recommended for diagnosis of Cytauzoonosis?

A

Because illness precedes antibody formation

49
Q

How is Cytauxzoonosis treated?

A

Atovaquone, Azithromycin, and supportive care

50
Q

What supportive care is given to patients with Cytauxzoonosis?

A

Crystalloid fluids, blood transfusions, plasma transfusion, heparin, possibly pain management, and a feeding tube

51
Q

What is the survival rate of patients with Cytauxzoonosis when treated with atovaquppne ,azithromycin and aggressive supportive care?

A

85%

52
Q

What complication is most likely to be associated with felne cytuaxzoonosis?

A

Disseminated intravascular coagulation

Small Animal Medicine (100 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions