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PANCE/EOC > OBGYN #2 > Flashcards

OBGYN #2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a spontaneous abortion?

A

Pregnancy that ends before 20 weeks gestation

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2
Q

MC etiology of spontaneous abortion

A

Chromosomal abnormalities

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3
Q

Symptoms of threatened abortion

A
  • Products of conception intact

- Cervical Os closed

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4
Q

Symptoms of inevitable abortion

A
  • POC intact

- Cervical OS dilated

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5
Q

Symptoms of incomplete abortion

A
  • Some POC expelled from uterus

- Cervical OS dilated

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6
Q

For a missed abortion, the cervical OS is _____ and POC are _____

A

Closed

Intact

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7
Q

For a medical abortion what two medications are used and is safe up to 10 weeks?

A

Mifepristone followed by Misoprostol 24-48 hours later

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8
Q

For a medical abortion, what medications are used and is safe up to 7 weeks?

A

Methotrexate followed by Misoprostol 3-7 days later

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9
Q

What methods are used for surgical abortion?

A

-Dilation and curettage or dilation and evacuation

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10
Q

How to tell, on diagnostics, if a mother is having multiple gestations

A

-Elevated levels of beta-hCG and maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein

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11
Q

Fundal Height Measurement

A
  • 12 weeks: above pubic symphysis
  • 16 weeks: midway between pubis and umbilicus
  • 20 weeks: at umbilicus
  • 38 weeks: 2-3 cm below xiphoid process
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12
Q

Gravida: ______
Para: ______
Abortus: ______

A
  • Number of times pregnant
  • Number of births
  • Number of pregnancies lost for whatever reason
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13
Q

What is Naegele’s Rule?

A

1st day of LMP + 7 days - 3 months

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14
Q

The first trimester consists of weeks ______

A

1-12 of pregnancy

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15
Q

Tests done in 1st trimester

A

-Chromosomal screening test: Free beta-HCG, PAPP-A, Biochemical screening, US, chorionic villous sampling, nuchal translucency US

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16
Q

PAPP-A is low with

A

Down’s Syndrome

17
Q

In a nuchal translucency US, is increased thickness, what test is done?

A

Chorionic villous sampling or amniocentesis

18
Q

Transvaginal US can detect fetal heart activity as early as

A

5-6 weeks after LMP

19
Q

Second Trimester consists of weeks

A

13-27

20
Q

What tests are done in second trimester?

A
  • Triple screening: Alpha-fetoprotein, unconjugated estriol, and Beta-HCG
  • Gestational Diabetes screening: 24-28 weeks
  • Amniocentesis: if age > 35, prior pregnancy loss, abnormal tests (15-18 weeks)
21
Q

Two MC types of neural tube defects

A

-Spina Bifida and Anencephaly

22
Q

What is anencephaly?

A

-Failure of closure of portion of neural tube that becomes cerebrum

23
Q

What is spina bifida?

A

-Incomplete closure of embryonic neural tubule leads to non-fusion of some of the vertebrae and some overlying the spinal cords.

24
Q

What is the MC type of spina bifida

A

With myelominingocele. Often leads to disability

25
Q

How to tell on screening tests that a baby may have a neural tube defect

A

-Increased maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein followed by amniocentesis showing increased alpha-fetoprotein and increased acetylcholinesterase.

26
Q

Third trimester of pregnancy consists of weeks

A

28 until birth

27
Q

Tests done in the third trimester

A
  • Rh antibody test
  • Hemoglobin and Hematocrit
  • Group B Strep Screening
  • Biophysical Profile (fetal tones, amniotic fluid levels, etc.)
  • Non-Stress Testing
28
Q

Regarding the non stress test, what is a good prognosis and means fetal well being?

A
  • 2 or more accelerations of fetal heart rate > 15 bpm
29
Q

If positive screening for Group B Strep, prophylactic ABX given during labor (within 4 hours of delivery). What medication is given?

A

IV Penicillin G

30
Q

Toxic Shock Syndrome is caused by exotoxins produced by _____

A

Staph A

31
Q

50% of toxic shock syndrome is associated with

A

tampon use

32
Q

Symptoms of toxic shock syndrome

A
  • Sudden onset of high fever
  • Skin: Erythroderma (diffuse erythematous macular rash)
  • Hypotension, abdominal tenderness
  • Headache, myalgias, n/v
33
Q

Treatment for Toxic Shock Syndrome

A
  • Supportive
  • Aggressive IVF replacement
  • ABX (Clindamycin + Vanco/Linezolid)

PANCE/EOC (63 decks)

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