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pance/eoc > Infectious Disease Part 4 > Flashcards

Infectious Disease Part 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Mumps is parotid gland enlargement caused by

A

Paramyxovirus

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2
Q

Symptoms of mumps

A
  • fever, fatigue, myalgias, headache, earache
  • Parotitis usually bilateral
  • Edema of Stensen’s duct
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3
Q

MC complication of Mumps

A

-Epididymo-orchitis

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4
Q

True or False: MMR is a live attenuated vaccine and contraindicated in pregnant women and significant immunosuppression?

A

True

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5
Q

Symptoms of Rubella

A
  • Low grade fever, LAD
  • Pink or light red non confluent maculopapular rash that starts on face and spreads to trunk (lasts 3 days)
  • Forchheimer Spots: small red macule on soft palate
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6
Q

True or False: Rubella is teratogenic in the 2nd trimester?

A

False. It is teratogenic in the first trimester

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7
Q

Rabies is a life-threatening ______ infection of the CNS

A

Rhabdovirus

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8
Q

Transmission of Rabies

A

-Infected saliva from rabid animal bites (bats MC, raccoons, skunks and foxes)

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9
Q

True or False: If a person was asleep in a room with a bat, they should get prophylaxis for rabies even if there is no visible bite?

A

True

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10
Q

Symptoms of Rabies

A
  • Pain, itching at site of bite
  • CNS phase: hydrophobia, acrophobia, encephalitis
  • Respiratory phase: respiratory muscle paralysis leading to death
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11
Q

Diagnostics for Rabies

A
  • Negri bodies on immunofluorescence

- Animal observation for 7-10 days

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12
Q

What should a patient get post-exposure for rabies?

A
  • HDCV (Rabies vaccine)
  • Immunocompetent: Days 0, 3, 7, 14 + Rabies Immune Globulin
  • Immunocompromised: Add Day 28
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13
Q

Roseola is MCC by

A

HHV6

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14
Q

Symptoms of Roseola

A
  • High fever
  • Rash: rose pink macular blanch able rash beginning on trunk and neck then spreads to face
  • Nagayama Spots: Spots on soft palate and uvula
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15
Q

What is unique about the rash in Roseola?

A

Only childhood exanthem that begins on the trunk and spreads to face

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16
Q

Describe the rash of Varicella Zoster Virus

A

-Asynchronous rash in different stages of evolution: vesicles on an erythematous base (dew drops on a rose petal)

17
Q

What test has a highest yield when testing is needed for VZV

A

PCR

18
Q

However, what is seen on a Tzanck Smear for VZV

A

Multinucleated giant cells (can also be seen with HSV)

19
Q

What is the treatment for patients 13 years or older for Varicella

A

Acyclovir

20
Q

When can chickenpox be spread?

A

48 hours prior to onset of rash up until all the lesions have crusted over

21
Q

What is the leading cause of mortality in adults with Varicella?

A

Varicella Pneumonia

22
Q

What is the MC complication of Varicella in children?

A

Bacterial superinfection

23
Q

What is given to individuals with high risk of developing Varicella?

A

Immune globulin within 96 hours of exposure

24
Q

What medication is used for post-herpetic neuralgia?

A

Gabapentin or Pregabalin

25
Q

What is another name for Herpes Zoster Oticus?

A

Ramsay-Hunt Syndrome (VZV in geniculate ganglion of facial nerve CNVII)

26
Q

Symptoms of Ramsay Hunt Syndrome

A

-Ipsilateral facial paralysis + ear pain + vesicles in auditory canal/auricle

27
Q

Treatment for Ramsay-Hunt Syndrome

A

-Valacyclovir and Prednisone

28
Q

Rubeola (Measles) symptoms

A
  • High fever + cough, Coryza, Conjunctivitis
  • Koplik Spots: on buccal mucosa
  • Rash: brick red rash beginning at hairline and spreading cephalocaudal (lasts 7 days)
29
Q

Complications of Rubeola

A
  • Diarrhea MC

- PNA MCC of death

30
Q

What is AIDS defined as

A

CD4 < 200

31
Q

HIV is a retrovirus and causes changes in viral RNA into DNA via

A

Reverse transcriptase

32
Q

Diagnostics for HIV

A

-Combination antigen/antibody immunoassay + HIV viral load testing

pance/eoc (63 decks)

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