Infectious Disease Part 4 Flashcards
Mumps is parotid gland enlargement caused by
Paramyxovirus
Symptoms of mumps
- fever, fatigue, myalgias, headache, earache
- Parotitis usually bilateral
- Edema of Stensen’s duct
MC complication of Mumps
-Epididymo-orchitis
True or False: MMR is a live attenuated vaccine and contraindicated in pregnant women and significant immunosuppression?
True
Symptoms of Rubella
- Low grade fever, LAD
- Pink or light red non confluent maculopapular rash that starts on face and spreads to trunk (lasts 3 days)
- Forchheimer Spots: small red macule on soft palate
True or False: Rubella is teratogenic in the 2nd trimester?
False. It is teratogenic in the first trimester
Rabies is a life-threatening ______ infection of the CNS
Rhabdovirus
Transmission of Rabies
-Infected saliva from rabid animal bites (bats MC, raccoons, skunks and foxes)
True or False: If a person was asleep in a room with a bat, they should get prophylaxis for rabies even if there is no visible bite?
True
Symptoms of Rabies
- Pain, itching at site of bite
- CNS phase: hydrophobia, acrophobia, encephalitis
- Respiratory phase: respiratory muscle paralysis leading to death
Diagnostics for Rabies
- Negri bodies on immunofluorescence
- Animal observation for 7-10 days
What should a patient get post-exposure for rabies?
- HDCV (Rabies vaccine)
- Immunocompetent: Days 0, 3, 7, 14 + Rabies Immune Globulin
- Immunocompromised: Add Day 28
Roseola is MCC by
HHV6
Symptoms of Roseola
- High fever
- Rash: rose pink macular blanch able rash beginning on trunk and neck then spreads to face
- Nagayama Spots: Spots on soft palate and uvula
What is unique about the rash in Roseola?
Only childhood exanthem that begins on the trunk and spreads to face
Describe the rash of Varicella Zoster Virus
-Asynchronous rash in different stages of evolution: vesicles on an erythematous base (dew drops on a rose petal)
What test has a highest yield when testing is needed for VZV
PCR
However, what is seen on a Tzanck Smear for VZV
Multinucleated giant cells (can also be seen with HSV)
What is the treatment for patients 13 years or older for Varicella
Acyclovir
When can chickenpox be spread?
48 hours prior to onset of rash up until all the lesions have crusted over
What is the leading cause of mortality in adults with Varicella?
Varicella Pneumonia
What is the MC complication of Varicella in children?
Bacterial superinfection
What is given to individuals with high risk of developing Varicella?
Immune globulin within 96 hours of exposure
What medication is used for post-herpetic neuralgia?
Gabapentin or Pregabalin
What is another name for Herpes Zoster Oticus?
Ramsay-Hunt Syndrome (VZV in geniculate ganglion of facial nerve CNVII)
Symptoms of Ramsay Hunt Syndrome
-Ipsilateral facial paralysis + ear pain + vesicles in auditory canal/auricle
Treatment for Ramsay-Hunt Syndrome
-Valacyclovir and Prednisone
Rubeola (Measles) symptoms
- High fever + cough, Coryza, Conjunctivitis
- Koplik Spots: on buccal mucosa
- Rash: brick red rash beginning at hairline and spreading cephalocaudal (lasts 7 days)
Complications of Rubeola
- Diarrhea MC
- PNA MCC of death
What is AIDS defined as
CD4 < 200
HIV is a retrovirus and causes changes in viral RNA into DNA via
Reverse transcriptase
Diagnostics for HIV
-Combination antigen/antibody immunoassay + HIV viral load testing
