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PANCE/EOC > EENT #3 > Flashcards

EENT #3 Flashcards

1
Q

MCC of nasal polyps

A

Allergic rhinitis

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2
Q

What do nasal polyps look like?

A

Pale boggy mass on nasal mucosa

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3
Q

Treatment of choice for nasal polyps

A

Intranasal glucocorticoids

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4
Q

With neonatal hearing loss, if not identified before _____, may get delays in speech and language.

A

6 months

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5
Q

How to screen newborns for hearing loss

A

-Auditory brain stem response (ABR)

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6
Q

What is optic neuritis?

A

Acute inflammatory demyelination of the optic nerve

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7
Q

Causes of optic neuritis

A

Ethambutol

MS

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8
Q

Symptoms of optic neuritis

A 
Painful loss of vision
Decrease in color vision
Central scotoma
Unilateral
Ocular pain worse with movement
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9
Q

With optic neuritis, what is a Marcus-Gunn Pupil?

A

During swinging light flashlight test from the unaffected eye into the affected eye, the pupils seem to dilate

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10
Q

Treatment for Optic Neuritis

A

IV Methylprednisolone

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11
Q

Oral Lichen Planus is associated with

A

Hepatitis C infection

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12
Q

Appearance of oral lichen planus

A

-lacy, reticular (Wickham Striae)

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13
Q

Treatment for oral lichen planus

A

Local glucocorticoids (Clobetasol, Betamethasone)

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14
Q

Symptoms of orbital cellulitis

A
  • Ocular pain with movement
  • Ophthalmoplegia (EOM muscle weakness)
  • Proptosis
  • Eyelid edema
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15
Q

Diagnostic of choice for Orbital Cellulitis

A

-High resolution CT scan

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16
Q

Treatment for Orbital Cellulitis

A

Admission + IV Antibiotics (Vancomycin + Ceftriaxone)

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17
Q

MCC of Otitis Externa

A

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa

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18
Q

Otitis Externa is also called

A

Swimmer’s Ear

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19
Q

Symptoms of Otitis Externa

A
  • Ear pain, pruritus, discharge, pain on traction of ear canal/tragus
  • Purulent discharge
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20
Q

Treatment for otitis externa

A
  • Ciprofloxacin-Dexamethasone, Ofloxacin

- Protect ear against moisture (alcohol, remove debris and cerumen)

21
Q

Mastoiditis is a complication of

A

Acute otitis media

22
Q

Symptoms of mastoiditis

A
  • Deep ear pain (worse at night), fever, Mastoid tenderness, edema, erythema
  • Protrusion of auricle
23
Q

Diagnostic for mastoiditis

A

CT scan with contrast

24
Q

Treatment for mastoiditis

A
  • IV Vanco + Ceftazidime

- Middle ear or mastoid drainage (Myringotomy)

25
Q

What differentiates preseptal (periorbital) cellulitis from orbital (septal) cellulitis?

A

-Absence of proptosis, ophthalmoplegia, and ocular pain with EOM movements

26
Q

Treatment for periorbital cellulitis

A
  • Outpatient management if > 1 year old

- MRSA coverage: oral Clindamycin

27
Q

Risk factors for retinal detachment

A
  • Myopia
  • Previous cataract surgery
  • Age
  • Trauma
28
Q

MC type of retinal detachment

A

Rhegmatogenous: separation from choroid plexus

29
Q

Symptoms of retinal detachment

A
  • Photopsia (flashing lights)
  • Floaters
  • Unilateral peripheral vision loss: shadow or curtain coming down
  • No ocular pain or redness
30
Q

Diagnostic for retinal detachment

A

-Fundoscopy: Positive Shafer Sign: clumping of brown-colored pigment vitreous cells in anterior vitreous humor like “tobacco dust”

31
Q

Treatment for retinal detachment

A
  • Emergency!
  • Keep patient supine, head turned toward side of detachment
  • Laser or ocular surgery
32
Q

Risk factors for Pterygium

A
  • UV exposure in sunny climates

- Sand, wind, dust exposure

33
Q

Symptoms of Pterygium

A

-Elevated, triangular-shaped growing fibrovascular mass starts medially and extends laterally

34
Q

Treatment for pterygium

A
  • Observation

- Removal if affects vision

35
Q

Common etiology of peritonsillar abscess

A

-Group A Strep (S. Pyogenes)

36
Q

Symptoms of peritonsillar abscess

A
  • Muffled “hot potato” voice
  • Drooling
  • Trismus (lockjaw)
  • Swollen or fluctuant tonsil
  • Uvula deviation to contralateral side
37
Q

Diagnostics for peritonsillar abscess

A

-CT scan

38
Q

Treatment for peritonsillar abscess

A
  • Needle aspiration, incision and drainage

- Augmentin or Clindamycin Oral ABX

39
Q

Most retinoblastoma are diagnosed before what age?

A

3 years old

40
Q

Retinoblastoma is associated with what gene mutation

A

Mutation in RB1 gene on chromosome 13

41
Q

Symptoms of retinoblastoma

A
  • Leukocoria (abnormal white reflex instead of red reflex)

- Nystagmus or Strabismus

42
Q

MCC of Sialadenitis

A

S. Aureus

43
Q

Symptoms of Sialadenitis

A
  • Sudden onset of tender gland swelling with purulent discharge, pus if the duct is massaged
  • Dysphagia
  • Trismus
  • Fever and chills if severe
44
Q

Diagnostics for sialadenitis

A

-CT scan

45
Q

Treatment for Sialadenitis

A
  • Sialagogues

- Dicloxacillin or Nafcillin, Clindamycin

46
Q

Sialolithiasis (Salivary Gland Stones) are MC in where?

A

Wharton’s Duct (Submandibular gland) or Stensen’s Duct

47
Q

Symptoms of Sialolithiasis

A

Sudden onset of salivary gland pain and swelling with eating or in anticipation of eating
-Stone may be palpated in salivary gland

48
Q

Treatment for Salivary Gland Stones

A

Sialagogues, hard candy, lemon drops

-Dicloxacillin, Nafcillin, Clindamycin if severe (Staph)

PANCE/EOC (63 decks)

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