Infectious Diseases #1 Flashcards
MCC overall gastroenteritis in adults in North America and MCC of viral gastroenteritis worldwide (cruise ships, hospitals, restaurants)
Norovirus
Rotavirus infection is MC seen in
young immunized children between 6 months and 2 years of age (daycares)
MCC of Traveler’s Diarrhea
E-Coli
E. Coli diarrhea comes from
Contaminated food and water
Treatment for E. Coli
Supportive, Oral rehydration, and Loperamide (for diarrhea)
Vibrio Cholerae is a _____ shaped rod transmitted via ____
Gram negative, comma shaped bacteria
Contaminated food and water
Outbreaks of Vibrio Cholerae occur
In areas of poor sanitation and overcrowding situations (abroad)
What symptoms are associated with Vibrio Cholerae?
- Copious watery diarrhea
- Rice water stools (grey with flecks of mucus in it)
- Fishy odor, but no blood
Treatment for Vibrio Cholerae
Oral rehydration and electrolyte replacement
-Tetracyclines if ABX needed
Risk Factors for C. Diff
- Recent ABX use (Clindamycin)
- Advanced Age
- Gastric Suppression therapy (PPI, H2 blockers)
Diagnostics for C. Diff
C. Diff Toxin (initial)
Treatment for C. Diff
D/c offending ABX
- Contact precautions
- Oral Vanco or Oral Fidaxomicin
MCC of bacterial enteritis in the US
C. Jejuni
C. Jejuni is the MC antecedent event in post-infectious
Guillan-Barre Syndrome
C. Jejuni comes from
Raw or undercooked poultry, raw milk, dairy cattle, puppies
In a stool culture for C. Jejuni, what is seen?
S, comma or seagull shaped gram negative organisms
Treatment for C. Jejuni
Fluid and electrolyte replacement
-Macrolides (Azithromycin)
Typhoid Fever Symptoms
- Headache
- Fever, chills
- Abdominal pain
- Pea Soup Green Diarrhea
- Rose spots, Hepatosplenomegaly
- Fever
- Bradycardia
Treatment for Typhoid Fever
Oral rehydration and electrolyte replacement
-Fluoroquinolones (Ciprofloxacin)
Salmonella comes from
-Poultry, eggs, milk products, contact with reptiles
Symptoms of Salmonella
Fever, cramps, vomiting, pea-soup diarrhea
Treatment for Salmonella
Oral rehydration, Fluoroquinolones when needed
Symptoms of Shigellosis
- Explosive watery diarrhea
- Progresses to mucoid bloody diarrhea
- Febrile Seizures
Giardia comes from
Contaminated water from remote streams/wells (backpacker’s diarrhea, Beaver’s Fever)
Symptoms of Giardia
Frothy, greasy, foul smelling diarrhea with no blood or pus
Treatment for Giardia
Metronidazole
Symptoms of Vitamin C deficiency
(Scurvy)
- Hyperkeratosis (coiled hairs, hyperkeratotic papules)
- Hemorrhage (vascular fragility, recurrent hemorrhages in gums, skin and joints)
- Hematologic: anemia, glossitis, malaise, weakness
Symptoms of Vitamin D deficiency
- Rickets
- Osteomalacia
- Bone pain, tenderness
- Muscular Weakness
- Bowing of long bones
Labs for Vitamin D deficiency
-Decreased Calcium, phosphate and 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels
Treatment for Vitamin D deficiency
Vitamin D supplementation (Ergocalciferol)(
Symptoms of Rickets
Genu Varum (bow legs)
Delayed Fontanel closure
Growth delays
Delayed dentition
Vitamin A deficiency symptoms
Visual changes (night blindness)
Squamous metaplasia
Bitot’s Spots (white spots on conjunctiva)
Riboflavin B2 deficiency
Oral, ocular, genital
- Magenta colored tongue, glossitis, pharyngitis
- Photophobia, corneal lesions
- Scrotal dermatitis
MC etiology of Thiamine B1 deficiency
Chronic alcoholism, weight loss surgery
Symptoms Of B1 deficiency
Dry Beriberi: nervous system changes
Wet Beriberi: high output heart failure and dilated cardiomyopathy
Wernicke Encephalopathy: ataxia, global confusion, and ophthalmoplegia
Korsakoff Dementia: short term memory loss, confabulation. Irreversible.
Symptoms of B3/Niaicin Deficiency
Pellagra (3D’s): Dermatitis, Diarrhea, Dementia
Explain the absorption of B12
Combines with intrinsic factor where it is absorbed mainly by distal ileum
What is the MC etiology of B12 defciency
Pernicious Anemia (due to lack of intrinsic factor)
