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PANCE/EOC > Infectious Diseases #1 > Flashcards

Infectious Diseases #1 Flashcards

1
Q

MCC overall gastroenteritis in adults in North America and MCC of viral gastroenteritis worldwide (cruise ships, hospitals, restaurants)

A

Norovirus

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2
Q

Rotavirus infection is MC seen in

A

young immunized children between 6 months and 2 years of age (daycares)

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3
Q

MCC of Traveler’s Diarrhea

A

E-Coli

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4
Q

E. Coli diarrhea comes from

A

Contaminated food and water

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5
Q

Treatment for E. Coli

A

Supportive, Oral rehydration, and Loperamide (for diarrhea)

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6
Q

Vibrio Cholerae is a _____ shaped rod transmitted via ____

A

Gram negative, comma shaped bacteria

Contaminated food and water

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7
Q

Outbreaks of Vibrio Cholerae occur

A

In areas of poor sanitation and overcrowding situations (abroad)

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8
Q

What symptoms are associated with Vibrio Cholerae?

A
  • Copious watery diarrhea
  • Rice water stools (grey with flecks of mucus in it)
  • Fishy odor, but no blood
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9
Q

Treatment for Vibrio Cholerae

A

Oral rehydration and electrolyte replacement

-Tetracyclines if ABX needed

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10
Q

Risk Factors for C. Diff

A
  • Recent ABX use (Clindamycin)
  • Advanced Age
  • Gastric Suppression therapy (PPI, H2 blockers)
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11
Q

Diagnostics for C. Diff

A

C. Diff Toxin (initial)

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12
Q

Treatment for C. Diff

A

D/c offending ABX

  • Contact precautions
  • Oral Vanco or Oral Fidaxomicin
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13
Q

MCC of bacterial enteritis in the US

A

C. Jejuni

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14
Q

C. Jejuni is the MC antecedent event in post-infectious

A

Guillan-Barre Syndrome

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15
Q

C. Jejuni comes from

A

Raw or undercooked poultry, raw milk, dairy cattle, puppies

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16
Q

In a stool culture for C. Jejuni, what is seen?

A

S, comma or seagull shaped gram negative organisms

17
Q

Treatment for C. Jejuni

A

Fluid and electrolyte replacement

-Macrolides (Azithromycin)

18
Q

Typhoid Fever Symptoms

A
  • Headache
  • Fever, chills
  • Abdominal pain
  • Pea Soup Green Diarrhea
  • Rose spots, Hepatosplenomegaly
  • Fever
  • Bradycardia
19
Q

Treatment for Typhoid Fever

A

Oral rehydration and electrolyte replacement

-Fluoroquinolones (Ciprofloxacin)

20
Q

Salmonella comes from

A

-Poultry, eggs, milk products, contact with reptiles

21
Q

Symptoms of Salmonella

A

Fever, cramps, vomiting, pea-soup diarrhea

22
Q

Treatment for Salmonella

A

Oral rehydration, Fluoroquinolones when needed

23
Q

Symptoms of Shigellosis

A
  • Explosive watery diarrhea
  • Progresses to mucoid bloody diarrhea
  • Febrile Seizures
24
Q

Giardia comes from

A

Contaminated water from remote streams/wells (backpacker’s diarrhea, Beaver’s Fever)

25
Q

Symptoms of Giardia

A

Frothy, greasy, foul smelling diarrhea with no blood or pus

26
Q

Treatment for Giardia

A

Metronidazole

27
Q

Symptoms of Vitamin C deficiency

A

(Scurvy)

  • Hyperkeratosis (coiled hairs, hyperkeratotic papules)
  • Hemorrhage (vascular fragility, recurrent hemorrhages in gums, skin and joints)
  • Hematologic: anemia, glossitis, malaise, weakness
28
Q

Symptoms of Vitamin D deficiency

A
  • Rickets
  • Osteomalacia
  • Bone pain, tenderness
  • Muscular Weakness
  • Bowing of long bones
29
Q

Labs for Vitamin D deficiency

A

-Decreased Calcium, phosphate and 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels

30
Q

Treatment for Vitamin D deficiency

A

Vitamin D supplementation (Ergocalciferol)(

31
Q

Symptoms of Rickets

A

Genu Varum (bow legs)
Delayed Fontanel closure
Growth delays
Delayed dentition

32
Q

Vitamin A deficiency symptoms

A

Visual changes (night blindness)
Squamous metaplasia
Bitot’s Spots (white spots on conjunctiva)

33
Q

Riboflavin B2 deficiency

A

Oral, ocular, genital

  • Magenta colored tongue, glossitis, pharyngitis
  • Photophobia, corneal lesions
  • Scrotal dermatitis
34
Q

MC etiology of Thiamine B1 deficiency

A

Chronic alcoholism, weight loss surgery

35
Q

Symptoms Of B1 deficiency

A

Dry Beriberi: nervous system changes
Wet Beriberi: high output heart failure and dilated cardiomyopathy

Wernicke Encephalopathy: ataxia, global confusion, and ophthalmoplegia

Korsakoff Dementia: short term memory loss, confabulation. Irreversible.

36
Q

Symptoms of B3/Niaicin Deficiency

A

Pellagra (3D’s): Dermatitis, Diarrhea, Dementia

37
Q

Explain the absorption of B12

A

Combines with intrinsic factor where it is absorbed mainly by distal ileum

38
Q

What is the MC etiology of B12 defciency

A

Pernicious Anemia (due to lack of intrinsic factor)

PANCE/EOC (63 decks)

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