Endocrine #5 Flashcards
Metabolic Syndrome is also known as _____ or _____
Syndrome X
Insulin Resistance Syndrome
What is the key component of metabolic syndrome?
Insulin resistance
To diagnose a patient with metabolic syndrome, what needs to be present?
3 of the following 5:
1) Decreased HDL (< 40 in men and < 50 in women)
2) Increased BP
3) Increased Fasting triglyceride levels (> 150)
4) Increased Fasting blood sugar (> 100)
5) Increased abdominal obesity (waist circumference > 40 in men and > 35 in women)
Conservative management for metabolic syndrome
-Lifestyle modifications: weight reduction, exercise, diet
What four medications are used for weight loss and how do they work?
- Phentermine: unknown MOA
- Phentermine/Topiramate: unknown MOA
- Lorcaserin: selective serotonin agonist that induces satiety
- Orlitstat: inhibits fat absorption
MC type of pituitary adenoma
Prolactinoma
What hormone inhibits prolactin release
Dopamine
Diagnostic labs for a prolactinoma
- Increased prolactin
- Decreased FSH and LH
Manifestations of a prolactinoma in women vs men
Women: amenorrhea, infertility, galactorrhea, headache, visual changes
Men: erectile dysfunction, decreased libido, infertility, headache, visual changes
And bitemporal hemianopsia
-Due to hypogonadism
What is the study of choice for a prolactinoma to look for seller lesions and pituitary tumors
MRI
Treatment for prolactinoma
Dopamine agonists (Cabergoline or Bromocriptine)
What is a somatotroph Adenoma
Growth hormone secreting pituitary adenoma that leads to acromegaly in adults or gigantism in children (if it occurs before epiphyseal closure)
Symptoms of a somatotroph adenoma
- DM or glucose intolerance
- Enlargement of soft tissues (increased hat or shoe size)
- headache common (bitemporal hemianopsia)
- Hypertension
- Colonic polyps
Initial test of choice for a somatotroph adenoma
Insulin-like growth factor
Confirmatory test for somatotroph adenoma
-Oral glucose suppression test: increased growth hormone levels seen
