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PANCE/EOC > Genitourinary #3 > Flashcards

Genitourinary #3 Flashcards

1
Q

Paraphimosis is

A

Retracted foreskin that cannot be returned to the normal position
-A urological emergency

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2
Q

Treatment for paraphimosis

A
  • Manual reduction
  • Pharm therapy: granulated sugar, injection of hyaluronidase
  • Definitive management: incision or circumcision
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3
Q

Phimosis is

A

inability to retract foreskin over the glans

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4
Q

MC type of prostate cancer

A

Adenocarcinoma

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5
Q

Risk factors for prostate cancer

A
  • Increasing age (HIGHEST RISK FACTOR)
  • Genetics
  • AA
  • Diet
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6
Q

Symptoms of prostate cancer

A
  • Most are asymptomatic

- Back or bone pain: increased incidence of METS to bone, weight loss

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7
Q

Diagnostics for prostate cancer

A
  • DRE: hard, indurated, nodular, enlarged asymmetrical prostate
  • PSA: > 4 is abnormal
  • TURP: most accurate test
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8
Q

What grading system determines aggressiveness or malignant potential of prostate cancer?

A

Gleason Grading System

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9
Q

Adverse effects of prostatectomy

A

Incontinence and erectile dysfunction

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10
Q

For advanced disease in prostate cancer, what is the treatment?

A

Androgen deprivation

-External beam radiation therapy

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11
Q

MCC of microscopic hematuria in men

A

BPH

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12
Q

MC type of nephrolithiasis

A

-Calcium oxalate

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13
Q

Struvite nephrolithiasis is composed of

A

Magnesium ammonium phosphate

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14
Q

Symptoms of nephrolithiasis

A
  • Renal colic: sudden, constant upper lateral back or flank pain radiating to groin
  • CVA tenderness
  • Afebrile
  • Hematuria
  • N/V
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15
Q

Diagnostics for nephrolithiasis

A
  • UA: hematuria.
  • -Acidic urine (pH < 5) = Uric acid and cystine
  • -Alkaline urine (pH > 7.2) = Struvite stones
  • Noncontrast CT of abdomen and pelvis (Imaging of choice)
  • KUB
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16
Q

On KUB radiographs, which stones are radiopaque?

A

Calcium and Struvite

-This means that they are visible on radiographs

17
Q

Management for Nephrolithiasis < 5-mm in diameter

A
  • 80% chance of passage
  • IVF and analgesics
  • Tamsulosin may facilitate passage
18
Q

If the stone is ______ it may make passage of smaller stones more difficult

A

At ureterovesicular junction

19
Q

stones 5-10 mm in diameter, what is the treatment?

A
  • 20% chance of passage
  • Shock wave lithotripsy
  • Ureteroscopy with or without stent: obstructed stone
  • Percutaneous nephrolithotomy: large stones > 10 mm, struvite
20
Q

Risk factors for Calcium Nephrolithiasis

A
  • Decreased fluid intake (MC)
  • Males
  • High animal protein intake
  • PKD
  • Increased Vitamin C intake in men
21
Q

MC type of penile cancer

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

22
Q

Penile cancer is associated with

A
  • HPV 16, 6, 18
  • Lack of circumcision
  • Smoking
  • HIV
23
Q

Treatment for erectile dysfunction

A
  • Phosphodiesterase 5- inhibitors

- -Sildenafil, Tadalafil, Vardenafil

24
Q

How do PD-5 inhibitors work? MOA

A

-Nitric oxide mediated penile smooth muscle relaxation, leading to ability to generate and maintain an erection

25
Q

True or False: PD5 inhibitors should not be used in patients with CV disease?

A

True; may cause severe hypotension

26
Q

What is hypospadias?

A

Abnormal ventral placement of urethral opening

27
Q

Pathophysiology of hypospadias

A

-Failure of urogenital folds to fuse during development

28
Q

Treatment for hypospadias

A
  • DO NOT CIRCUMCISE during neonatal period because foreskin can be used to repair the defect
  • Elective arthroplasty correction: between 6 months and 1 year old
29
Q

What is epispadias?

A

Abnormal dorsal placement of urethral opening

30
Q

Epispadias is often associated with

A

Bladder exstrophy (protrusion of bladder wall through defect in abdominal wall)

31
Q

pathophysiology of epispadias

A

-Failure of midline penile fusion

32
Q

Diagnostic of choice for urethral injuries

A

-Retrograde urethrogram (done prior to transurethral catheterization)

33
Q

Hallmark triad of symptoms for urethral injuries

A

-Blood at urethral meatus, inability to void, distended bladder

34
Q

How do urethral injuries most commonly occur?

A

Blunt trauma: straddle-type falls

35
Q

Symptoms of urethral injuries

A
  • Gross hematuria
  • Blood at urethral meatus
  • Swelling, ecchymosis
  • High-riding prostate
36
Q

Peyronie Disease is associated with

A
  • Vitamin E deficiency
  • Beta Blockers
  • Increased serotonin levels
  • Dupuytren’s Contracture
  • HLA-B7
  • Obesity, Smoking, DM, dyslipidemia
37
Q

What is another clinical intervention for Peyronie Disease?

A
  • Vitamin E and potassium amino benzoate (PABA)
  • Colchicine
  • Injection of collagenase clostridium histolyticum
  • Surgery
38
Q

Treatment for premature ejaculation

A
  • Topical desensitizing agents (Lidocaine, Benzocaine, Prilocaine)
  • SSRI’s
  • PDE-5 Inhibitors
  • Others: Pindolol, Tramadol

PANCE/EOC (63 decks)

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