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PANCE/EOC > EENT #2 > Flashcards

EENT #2 Flashcards

1
Q

Symptoms of blepharitis

A

-Crusting, scaling, and red-rimming of the eyelid and flaking of the eyelashes or lid margins

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2
Q

Treatment for blepharitis

A

-Eyelid hygiene is the mainstay of treatment

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3
Q

Blepharitis is common in _____ and _____

A

Down’s Syndrome and Eczema

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4
Q

MC etiology of central retinal artery occlusion

A

-Emboli from carotid artery atherosclerosis

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5
Q

Symptoms of CRAO

A
  • Acute, sudden painless monocular vision loss

- May have ipsilateral carotid bruit

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6
Q

Fundoscopy is used to diagnose a CRAO. What is seen on exam?

A
  • Pale retina with cherry red macula

- Boxcar appearance of retinal vessels

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7
Q

Symptoms of cerumen impaction

A
  • Conductive hearing loss (lateralization to affected ear on Weber)
  • Bone conduction > air conduction
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8
Q

Treatment of cerumen impaction

A

-Hydrogen peroxide or carbamide peroxide

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9
Q

What is a cholesteatma

A

-Abnormal keratinized collection of desquamated squamous epithelium in the middle ear that can lead to bony erosion of the mastoid

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10
Q

Symptoms of cholesteatoma

A
  • Painless otorrhea (brown or yellow discharge with a strong odor)
  • May have vertigo, tinnitus, dizziness, cranial nerve palsies
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11
Q

On otoscopy for a cholesteatoma, what is seen?

A
  • Granulation tissue (cellular debris)

- Conductive hearing loss

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12
Q

Treatment for cholesteatoma

A

-Surgical excision of debris and cholesteatoma with reconstruction of the ossicles

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13
Q

In conductive hearing loss, explain what happens in Weber and Rinne tests

A
  • Weber: lateralizes to affected ear

- Rinne: BC > AC

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14
Q

What is conjunctival chemosis

A

-Irritation, allergies, watery eyes, excessive tearing, itchiness, blurry or double vision, swelling/inflammation

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15
Q

On a fluorescein stain, what is seen with a corneal abrasion?

A

“Ice rink” linear abrasion

-Evert eyelid to check for anything

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16
Q

Management for corneal abrasion

A
  • Non contact lens wearers: Erythromycin ointment

- Contact lens wearers: Ciprofloxacin or Ofloxacin

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17
Q

Regarding patching with corneal abrasions, what should be done?

A
  • Do not patch is Pseudomonas is suspected

- May patch in large abrasions (> 5 mm), but not for more than 24 hours

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18
Q

Symptoms of Dacryocystitis

A
  • Tearing and signs of infection (tenderness, warmth, edema, erythema)
  • To Medial (canthal) side of the lower lid area
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19
Q

Treatment of Dacryocystitis

A
  • Acute: warm compresses + ABX (Clindamycin, Vancomycin, Ceftriaxone)
  • Chronic: Dacryocystorhinostomy
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20
Q

What is the MCC of new, permanent vision loss in 20-74 years old

A

Diabetic retinopathy

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21
Q

Two types of diabetic retinopathy. Name and describe them.

A
  • Nonproliferative: micro aneurysms, cotton wool spots, blot and dot hemorrhages, flame-shaped hemorrhages, sharp margins circinate (roll up at ends)
  • Proliferative: Neovascularization (growth of new abnormal blood vessels), can lead to vitreous hemorrhage
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22
Q

Treatment of nonproliferation diabetic retinopathy

A

-strict glucose control, laser treatment

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23
Q

Treatment for proliferative diabetic retinopathy

A

-VEGF inhibitors, laser treatment, strict glucose control

24
Q

How often should a diabetic have an eye exam?

A

Yearly (1 per year)

25
Q

Symptoms of Diphtheria

A
  • Tonsillopharyngitis or Laryngitis
  • Pseudomembranes (friable, gray/white membrane that bleeds if scraped)
  • Bull Neck
  • Myocarditis, Arrhythmias, or Heart Failure
26
Q

Diagnostic for Diphtheria

A
  • Clinical diagnosis

- PCR/Culture to confirm

27
Q

Treatment for Diphtheria

A

Diphtheria Antitoxin (horse serum) + Erythromycin or Penicillin x 2 weeks

28
Q

MC site for anterior epistaxis

A

-Kesselbach Plexus

29
Q

Etiology for anterior nose bleeds

A

-Nasal trauma (nose picking, blowing nose forcefully), alcohol, foreign body, low humidity

30
Q

MC site for posterior epistaxis

A

-Sphenopalatine artery branches & Woodruff’s Plexus

31
Q

What is unique about posterior epistaxis?

A

It can cause bleeding from both nares

32
Q

Treatment for anterior epistaxis

A
  • Direct pressure (first line), leaning forward
  • Topical vasoconstrictors (Oxymetazoline)
  • Cauterization or silver nitrate if above measures fail
  • Nasal packing if everything else fails or if severe bleeding
33
Q

Most common treatment for posterior epistaxis

A

Balloon catheters

34
Q

Esotropia means that both eyes are deviated

A

-Inward. “Cross-eyed”

35
Q

MC type or orbital floor fracture

A

Inferior

36
Q

Symptoms of orbital floor fracture

A
  • Diplopia with upward gaze (inferior rectus muscle entrapment)
  • Orbital emphysema (eyelid swelling)
  • Anesthesia to anteromedial cheek (stretching of infraorbital nerve)
37
Q

What is the diagnostic of choice for orbital fracture?

A

CT scan: shows a Teardrop sign

38
Q

Treatment for orbital fracture

A

-Decongestants
Avoid blowing nose or sneezing
-Antibiotics (Unasyn or Clindamycin)

39
Q

Symptoms of hypertensive retinopathy

A
  • I: Arterial narrowing: abnormal light reflexes, copper or silver wiring
  • II: AV nicking
  • III: Flame shaped hemorrhages, cotton wool spots
  • IV: Papilledema, blurring of optic disc (ophthalmic emergency!)
40
Q

Greatest risk factor for bacterial keratitis

A

-Improper contact lens wear

(Other risk factors): Dry ocular surfaces such as inability to close eye due to Bell Palsy, Topical corticosteroid use and immunosuppression

41
Q

Exam findings of keratitis

A

-Ciliary injection (limbal flush), hazy cornea, blurry vision, ocular pain, eye redness, vision changes

42
Q

Treatment for bacterial keratitis

A
  • Fluoroquinolone topical

- Do not patch the eye

43
Q

How to diagnose herpes keratitis

A

-Dendritic (branching) corneal ulceration with fluorescein staining

44
Q

treatment for herpes keratitis

A

-Topical Antivirals: PO Acyclovir, Ganciclovir

45
Q

Treatment for Laryngeal Cancer

A

-Surgical resection +/- chemo/radiation

46
Q

Leukoplakia

A

Painless, white patchy lesions that cannot be scraped off

47
Q

If a patient has leukoplakia, you should biopsy to rule out

A

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

48
Q

In comparison, erythroplakia is

A

Painless, erythematous, soft, velvety, patch in the oral cavity

49
Q

Oral Hairy Leukoplakia is seen almost exclusively in

A

Patients with HIV

50
Q

Oral Hairy Leukoplakia is caused by

A

EBV

51
Q

Symptoms of oral hairy leukoplakia

A

-Painless, white smooth or corrugated “hairy” plaque along lateral tongue borders that cannot be scraped off

52
Q

Treatment for oral hairy leukoplakia

A

No specific treatment required.

Antiretroviral therapy in patients with HIV

53
Q

Risk factors for oral candidiasis (Thrush)

A

-Immunocompromised states, use of inhaled corticosteroids without a spacer, Denture Use

54
Q

Symptoms of oral candidiasis

A

white curd-like plaques that can be easily scraped off, but may leave behind erythema or friable mucosa if scraped

55
Q

Diagnostic for oral thrush

A

-KOH prep: budding yeast and pseudohyphae

56
Q

Treatment for Thrush

A

-Nystatin liquid, Clotrimazole troches, or Miconazole buccal tablets

PANCE/EOC (63 decks)

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