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PANCE/EOC > Dermatology #1 > Flashcards

Dermatology #1 Flashcards

1
Q

MC organism for folliculitis

A

Staph Aureus

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2
Q

Treatment for Folliculitis

A

Topical Mupirocin, Clindamycin, or Benzoyl Peroxide

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3
Q

Stephen Johnson Syndrome (SJS) is sloughing involving ______% of the body surface. Most common causes are

A

<10%

  • Medications (Sulfa drugs, anticonvulsants, and Lamotrigine, Allopurinol)
  • Infections
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4
Q

Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN) involves _____% of the body surface

A

> 30%

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5
Q

Symptoms of SJS and TEN

A
  • Positive Nikolsky Sign
  • Involves at least 1 mucous membrane
  • Widespread flaccid bullae beginning on trunk and face
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6
Q

Treatment for SJS and TEN

A
  • Discontinue offending agent

- Supportive (treat like severe burns)

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7
Q

MCC of Erythema Multiforme

A

Herpes Simplex

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8
Q

Treatment for androgenetic alopecia

A

-Topical Minoxidil and Oral Finasteride (5-alpha reductase type 2 inhibitor)

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9
Q

MCC of Onychomycosis

A

-T. Rubrum

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10
Q

Diagnostic for onychomycosis

A
  • Make sure to determine it is a fungal infection before treatment
  • KOH wet mount prep (rapid and sensitive)
  • Periodic acid-Schiff test (most sensitive)
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11
Q

Treatment for onychomycosis

A

-Systemic Antifungals: Terbinafine

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12
Q

A Paronychia is MCC by ______. It is a painful, red swollen area around proximal or lateral nail folds at the cuticle. Treatment includes

A

S. Aureus

  • Warm water or antiseptic soaks
  • Cephalexin or Dicloxacillin are first line oral-therapy
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13
Q

Which spider has systemic and neurologic symptoms within 30 minutes to 2 hours of bite and what is the most prominent feature

A
  • Black Widow

- Muscle spasms, muscle pain, rigidity

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14
Q

Treatment for black widow spider bite

A
  • Wound and pain control
  • Muscle relaxants
  • Antivenom if not responsive to above medications
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15
Q

Erythema Infectiosum is caused by which virus

A

Parvovirus B19

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16
Q

Describe Rubeola

A
  • Caused by Measles virus (Part of Paramyxovirus family)
  • Cough, coryza, conjunctivitis, + high fever
  • Koplik Spots: white or blue papules with erythematous base on buccal mucosa
  • Morbilliform/maculopapular rash begins at hairline and spreads cephalocaudally that darkens
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17
Q

Complications of Rubeola

A
  • Diarrhea

- Pneumonia (MCC of Measles related death)

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18
Q

Cellulitis is MCC by ________ and is characterized by localized macular erythema, not sharply demarcated margins, swelling, warmth, and tenderness.

A

Group A Strep

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19
Q

Treatment for Cellulitis

A
  • Oral: Cephalexin, Dicloxacillin
  • IV: Cefazolin
  • Cat bite: Augmentin, Doxy
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20
Q

If you think MRSA, what are the treatment options

A
  • Oral: Clindamycin, Doxy, Bactrim

- IV: Vanco

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21
Q

Erysipelas is caused by _____ and is characterized by

A

Group A Strep (S. Pyogenes)

  • Intensely erythematous raised area with sharply demarcated borders, tenderness, warmth
  • Usually on lower extremities and face
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22
Q

Treatment for Erysipelas

A
  • Oral: Penicillin, Amoxicillin, Cephalexin

- IV: IV Cefazolin, Ceftriaxone

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23
Q

Treatment for Impetigo and causes of Impetigo

A
  • MCC is Staph A

- Mupirocin x 10 days

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24
Q

Dermatophytosis (Tinea) Treatments

A
  • Tinea Capitis: Oral Griseofulvin, Oral Terbinafine
  • Tinea Pedis: Topical Antifungals (Butenafine, Azoles)
  • Tinea Cruris: Topical Antifungals (Clotrimazole, Butenafine)
  • Tinea Corporis: Topical Azoles
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25
Q

MCC of Dermatophytosis

A

-T. Rubrum

26
Q

Diagnostics for Tinea

A
  • KOH prep: best initial test (segmented hyphae)
  • Woods Lamp: No fluorescence with T. Rubrum
  • Culture: Definitive Diagnostic
27
Q

Intertrigo MCC and where does it occur

A
  • In intertriginous areas (inguinal folds, axillae, intergluteal folds)
  • Candida Spp. Most Common Cause
28
Q

Symptoms of Intertrigo and risk factors

A
  • Erythematous, beefy red macerated plaques with erythematous satellite lesions
  • Warm moist environments, obesity, DM, immunocompromised
29
Q

Diagnostic for Intertrigo

A

KOH prep shows budding yeast with or without pseudohyphae

30
Q

Treatment for intertrigo

A

Topical Antifungals (Azoles)

31
Q

Drug of choice for Scabies

A

-Permethrin Topical

  • Other options: Lindane (do not use after shower due to seizure risk, Teratogenic in kids)
  • All clothing and bedding placed in bag for at least 3 days and then washed and dried on high heat
32
Q

Symptoms of Condyloma Acuminata

A

-Soft, fleshy, cauliflower like lesions in genital regions or oropharynx

33
Q

Diagnostic for Condyloma Acuminata

A

-Acetic acid application: whitening of the lesion

34
Q

Risk Factors for Squamous Cell carcinoma

A
  • Sun exposure
  • HPV infection
  • Lighter skin
  • Chronic Wounds, Old scars or burns
  • Chronic Immunosuppression
35
Q

Symptoms of SCC

A
  • Erythematous, elevated thickened nodule with adherent white scaly or crusted, bloody margins
  • Nonhealing ulceration or erosion
  • On lips, hands, head or neck
36
Q

Treatment for Squamous Cell Carcinoma

A

-Surgical excision with clear margins

37
Q

What is Bowen’s Disease?

A

-Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Situ (has not invaded the dermis)

38
Q

Most common type of malignant melanoma

A

-Superficial Spreading (trunk in men and legs in women)

39
Q

Explain ABCDE for malignant melanoma

A
  • Asymmetry
  • Borders (Irregular)
  • Color (Variation)
  • Diameter ( 6mm or greater)
  • Evolution
40
Q

Diagnostic for Malignant Melanoma

A

-Full thickness wide Excisional Biopsy + Lymph Node Biopsy

41
Q

Treatment for Malignant Melanoma

A

-Complete wide surgical excision

42
Q

Symptoms of Eczema (Atopic Dermatitis)

A
  • Pruritus
  • Common in flexor creases
  • Nummular: coin shaped lesions on dorsum of hands, feet, knees, elbows
43
Q

Treatment for Eczema

A
  • Topical Corticosteroids
  • Antihistamines for itching
  • Wet dressings (Burrow’s Solution)
  • Topical Calcineurin Inhibitors (Tacrolimus, Pimecrolimus)
44
Q

Pityriasis Rosacea Symptoms

A

-Herald patch (solitary salmon-colored macule) for 1-2 weeks, then smaller, pruritic round or oval salmon colored papules with scaling in a Christmas Tree Pattern (along cleavage lines) on trunk and extremities

45
Q

Pathophysiology of Psoriasis

A
  • Keratin hyperplasia and proliferating cells in the stratum basal + stratum spinous due to T cell activation and cytokine release
  • This causes Accelerated epidermis turnover
46
Q

Symptoms of Psoriasis

A
  • Plaque: raised, well-demarcated pink-red plaques with thick silvery white scales on extensor surfaces
  • Auspitz Sign: punctate bleeding with removal of plaque
  • Koebner’s Phenomenon: new lesions at sites of trauma
  • Nail involvement: pitting, discoloration under nail (oil spot)
47
Q

Guttate Psoriasis appears after

A

-Strep Pharyngitis

48
Q

Treatment for Psoriasis

A
  • Mild Moderate: Topical Corticosteroids (Calcipotrene), Tazarotene
  • Calcineurin Inhibitors (Tacrolimus) on face and penis
  • Moderate Severe: Phototherapy, UVB, PUVA
  • Severe: Cyclosporine, Retinoids, Etanercept (Systemic Tx)
49
Q

Pityriasis Versicolor is caused by overgrowth of ________

A

Yeast Malassezia Furfur

50
Q

Symptoms of Pityriasis Tinea Versicolor

A
  • Hyper or hypo pigmented well-demarcated round or oval macule with fine scaling
  • Skin fails to tan with sun exposure
51
Q

Diagnostics for Tinea Versicolor

A
  • KOH prep: Hyphae and spores (spaghetti and meatballs appearance)
  • Wood’s Lamp: Yellow-green Fluorescence
52
Q

Treatment for Versicolor

A

-Selenium Sulfide, Sodiu Sulfacetamide, Zinc Pyrithione, & Azoles

53
Q

Stages of Pressure Ulcer

A
  • Stage 1: Superficial, Nonblanchable redness that does not dissipate after pressure is relieved
  • Stage 2: Extends into dermis. Resembles blister or abrasion.
  • Stage 3: Full thickness, may go into subcutaneous layer.
  • Stage 4: Deepest. Into muscle, tendon, bone.
54
Q

Treatment for Stage 1 Pressure Ulcer

A 
Wound care with moist wound environment.
Pain control
Debridement if necrotic tissue present
Pressure redistribution
-Transparent film for protection
55
Q

Treatment for Stage 2 pressure ulcer

A
  • Dressing that maintains moist wound environment

- Occlusive dressings (Hydrocolloid or Hydrogels) if no infection

56
Q

Treatment for hidradenitis Suppurativa

A

-Clindamycin topical

57
Q

Roseola is MCC by

A

Human Herpesvirus 6

-Sixth Disease

58
Q

Symptoms of Roseola

A
  • High fever then abrupt onset of maculopapular, blanch able rash
  • Rash begins on trunk and neck then spreads to face
  • Nagayama Spots: erythematous papules on soft palate and uvula
59
Q

Rubella is MCC by

A

Rubella Virus (Togavirus family)

60
Q

Symptoms of Rubella

A
  • Fever, LAD, Exanthem (maculopapular rash that starts on face and spreads to trunk).
  • Rash lasts 3 days
  • Forchheimer Spots: small red macules on soft palate
61
Q

True or False: Rubella is teratogenic in the first trimester

A

True!

PANCE/EOC (63 decks)

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