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PANCE/EOC > Infectious Diseases #5 > Flashcards

Infectious Diseases #5 Flashcards

1
Q

Babesiosis is an infectious disease caused by Malaria-like protozoa of Babesia Microti. It is transmitted by

A

Ixodes Scapularis (same tick as Lyme Disease)

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2
Q

Risk Factors for Babesiosis

A
  • Elderly
  • Asplenia
  • Immunocompromised
  • Midwest and Northeast US
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3
Q

What is the pathophysiology of Babesiosis

A

Similar to Malaria, the protozoa infect and lyse red blood cells and lead to hemolysis

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4
Q

On a peripheral blood smear with Giemsa or Wright stain, what is seen with babesiosis?

A 
Pathophnomonic tetrads (Maltese cross appearance)
-Intraerythrocytic rings with central pallor
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5
Q

However, what is the most accurate test for babesiosis?

A

PCR for detection of Babesia DNA

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6
Q

Treatment for Babesiosis?

A

Atovaquone + Azithromycin
OR
Quinine + Clindamycin

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7
Q

Leishmaniasis is transmitted through

A

female Sand fly in Mediterranean, Central, South America and Asia

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8
Q

Symptoms of Leishmaniasis

A
  • Localized cutaneous papule that has satellite pustules at bite site
  • Mucocutaneous ulcers of the skin, mouth, and nose
  • Hepatosplenomegaly
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9
Q

Treatment for Leishmaniasis

A
  • Infectious disease consult

- Sores heal spontaneously

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10
Q

What is the cause and causative agent of Cat Scratch Disease?

A
  • From scratch or bite from an infected cat or exposure to cat fleas
  • Bartonella Henselae
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11
Q

Most common diagnostic used for cat scratch disease?

A

Serologic: via ELISA or Immunofluorescence assay

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12
Q

Treatment for Cat Scratch Disease

A
  • Mild: Symptomatic and self-limited

- Azithromycin (first line) or Doxycycline

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13
Q

How is the Zika Virus transmitted?

A

Flavivirus transmitted by Aedes mosquito

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14
Q

Associated conditions to Zika Virus

A
  • Guillan Barre Syndrome

- Congenital Zika Syndrome: microcephaly, intracranial cerebral malformation, ocular lesions

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15
Q

Initial test of choice for Zika Virus

A

-Serum or urine Zika virus IgM

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16
Q

What can be used as a screening test for Zika Virus in pregnant women?

A

Reverse-transcriptase PCR

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17
Q

Treatment for Zika Virus

A

Supportive: hydration, acetominophen

-Aspirin should not be used until Dengue Fever ruled out due to Reye Syndrome in kids

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18
Q

How is Tularemia transmitted?

A

-Rabbits, ticks, deer, deer flies

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19
Q

Symptoms of Tularemia

A
  • Single papule at site of inoculation with central eschar formation and tender LAD
  • At hand and arm most common after animal exposure
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20
Q

What is the drug of choice for Tularemia?

A

Streptomycin

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21
Q

Hot tub folliculitis is a benign self-limited condition with skin lesions caused by

A

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa

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22
Q

When does hot tub folliculitis happen?

A

-8-48 hours after exposure to water in a contaminated spa, swimming pool, or hot tub (especially made of wood)

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23
Q

Treatment for hot tub folliculitis

A

No treatment needed in most cases

-Ciprofloxacin orally if persistent

24
Q

Q fever is caused by

A

Coxiella Burnetii

25
Q

Transmission of Q fever

A

Inhalation of spores or ingestion. Exposure to farm animals and their products
-Individuals living downwind from farms and contaminated manure, straw, or dust

26
Q

Main manifestations of Q Fever

A
  • Pneumonia

- Culture negative endocarditis if Chronic Q Fever

27
Q

Initial treatment of choice for Q Fever

A

Doxycycline

-Rifampin if chronic

28
Q

Brucellosis, although rare in the US, is transmitted through

A

Ingestion of infected dairy products (unpasteurized milk, cheese) and consumption of undercooked meat

-veteranarians, farmers, contact with livestock

29
Q

Symptoms of Brucellosis

A
  • Undulent fever (rises and falls)
  • Sweating (moldy, wet hay smell)
  • Migratory arthralgia or myalgia
30
Q

Treatment for Brucellosis

A
  • Doxycycline + Rifampin in adults

- Bactrim + Rifampin in kids

31
Q

Complications of Brucellosis

A
  • Endocarditis (most lethal)

- Osteomyelitis of lumbar spine (most common)

32
Q

Plague is caused by

A

Yersinia pestis (gram-negative rod)

33
Q

Plague is transmitted through ______ and the MC form of plague is

A

flea bites (rodent fleas)

-Bubonic: acutely swollen, red, painful nodes (buboes) in groin, cervical, and axilla regions

34
Q

Diagnostics for plague

A

-Gram stain from tissue: bipolar staining (safety pin appearance)

35
Q

Treatment for plague

A
  • Streptomycin or Gentamicin (1st line)
  • Doxycycline second line
  • Strict isolation for 48 hours after therapy begins
36
Q

Anthrax, caused by Bacillus Anthracis, is naturally found in

A

Livestock

37
Q

Symptoms of anthrax

A

-Erythematous papule at site of inoculation that runs into a painless black eschar

38
Q

Treatment for Anthrax

A

-Fluoroquinolones (Ciprofloxacin)

39
Q

Cytomegalovirus, also known as _____, is mostly seen in immunocompromised patients with a CD4 < ____.

A

HHV

< 50

40
Q

What are some symptoms of reactivation of Cytomegalovirus HHV5

A
  • Colitis (MC) in CD4 < 100
  • Retinitis: hemorrhage with yellow white soft exudates, blurry vision when CD4 < 50
  • Esophagitis: large superficial ulcers on endoscopy
41
Q

Diagnostics for Cytomegalovirus HHV5

A
  • Serologies: PCR
  • Biopsy of tissues: owl eye appearance (epithelial cells with enlarged nuclei surrounded by clear zone and cytoplasmic inclusions)
42
Q

Treatment for reactivation Cytomegalovirus HHV5

A

-Ganciclovir (first line)

43
Q

What is given to HIV+ patients for prophylaxis against CMV HHV5 if CD4 <50?

A

Valganciclovir

44
Q

What is the most common congenital viral infection?

A

Congenital CMV

45
Q

Most common sequelae of CMV HHV5 congenital?

A

Sensorineural hearing loss

46
Q

Listeriosis is caused by Listeria monocytogenes, a non-spore forming _________, gram-positive bacili

A

Endotoxin-producing

47
Q

How is Listeriosis transmitted?

A

Contaminated foods (cold deli meats, hot dogs, unpasteurized dairy products such as soft cheese and milk)

48
Q

Symptoms of Listeriosis

A
  • Listeriosis: bacteremia and/or meningitis in infants < 2 months, elderly, and immunocompromised
  • Febrile illness: fever, flu like symptoms
  • Pregnancy: third trimester; febrile illness associated with premature labor, stillbirth, infected newborns
49
Q

Diagnostics for listeriosis

A

Cultures: blood or CSF

50
Q

Treatment for Listeriosis (not including meningitis)

A
  • IV Ampicillin is initial management of choice (or Penicillin G)
  • Gentamicin is added in meningitis, endocarditis, and immunocompromised
  • Batrim if PCN allergy
51
Q

Treatment for meningitis associated with Listeriosis

A
  • if < 1 month old: Ampicillin + Cefotaxime + Gentamicin

- if > 50 years old: Ampicillin + Ceftriaxone + Vancomycin

52
Q

Scarlet Fever (Scarlatina) is a diffuse skin eruption that occurs in the setting of _____ Infection

A

Group A Strep (Strep Pyogenes) infection

53
Q

Symptoms of Scarlet Fever

A
  • Pharyngitis, Fever
  • Diffuse erythematous rash with a sandpaper texture (starts in axillae and groin and spreads to trunk)
  • Circumoral pallor, strawberry tongue, flushed face
54
Q

Treatment for Scarlet Fever

A
  • Penicillin G or VK (first line)

- Macrolides if PCN-allergy

55
Q

How long after antibiotic administration can children return to school with Scarlet Fever?

A

24 hours after starting ABX

PANCE/EOC (63 decks)

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