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Human Biosciences > Nutrition exam questions > Flashcards

Nutrition exam questions Flashcards

1
Q

First bit from May 2017

A

ok

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2
Q

Glutamine is synthesised with which enzymes?

A

Glutamine synthetase and glutamate dehydrogenase

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3
Q

Which nutritional aids has been to be beneficial to immune function during intensified periods of training?

A

Protein

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4
Q

What’s a macro mineral?

A

More than 100mg / day:
Ca, Cl, Mg, K, P, Na, S

Micro mineral is less than 100mg / day:

Fe, Zn, Cu, Cr, Co, Mn, I, F, Mo, Se

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5
Q

Which are fat soluble vitamins?

A

A D E K

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6
Q

What is de novo lipogenesis?

A

Creation of fat from carbohydrate

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7
Q

1L of oxygen consumption with a mixed diet releases how many kJ of energy?

A

21

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8
Q

What is the role of isomerases?

A

Rearranging molecule/changing the structure

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9
Q

What are and what is the prevalence of the 2 useable forms of starch in the diet?

A

Amylose (15-20%)

Amylopectin (80-85%)

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10
Q

How long is chyme in the large intestine for?

A

24-72 hours

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11
Q

Which type of protein has the highest leucine content?

A

Whey

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12
Q

What is absorption?

A

The products of digestion enter the cells within the body, mainly from the small intestine

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13
Q

Leptin is released from?

A

Adipose cells

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14
Q

Vitamin B diseases?

A

Pellagra - B1

Megaloblastic anemia - B9 or B12

Beriberi - B1

Arioboflavinosis - B2

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15
Q

What influences Fatmax?

A

Gender - different fat storage

Last meal composition - different amount of carbs and fat in body

Training status -

Body mass doesn’t

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16
Q

Key determining factors in the female athlete triad?

A

Amenorrhea

Osteoporosis

Disordered eating

Digestive problems - NO

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17
Q

Which amino acid has 2 amine groups?

A

Glutamine

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18
Q

What order do the stages of swallowing occur in?

A

Buccal, Pharyngeal, oesophageal

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19
Q

Feature of vitamin C?

A

Can act as an antioxidant

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20
Q

Skeletal muscle glycogen cannot enter the general circulation as glucose because skeletal muscle does not contain which enzyme?

A

Glucose-6-Phosphate

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21
Q

What does DRI stand for?

A

Dietary reference intake

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22
Q

What does EAR stand for?

A

Estimated average requirements.

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23
Q

What does RDA stand for?

A

Recommended dietary allowance

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24
Q

What does AI stand for?

A

Adequate intake

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25
Q

What does UL stand for?

A

Tolerable upper intake levels

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26
Q

What does AMDR stand for?

A

Acceptable macronutrient distribution ranges

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27
Q

Go on seminar page if need to see ions role in the body

A

ok

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28
Q

Nutritional recommendations that have potential to aid the immune system during periods of intensified training?

A

Avoid deficiencies of essential micronutrients

Avoid protein deficiencies

Avoid energy deficiencies

Vitamin D

Vitamin C

Avoid dry mouth

Elevated protein consumption

Daily lactobacillus probiotic

Zinc lozenges

Polyphenols

Don’t learn this could just be useful in exam

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29
Q

Stimulators of phosphofructokinase?

A

ADP, inorganic phosphate, pH, NH4-

30
Q

Inhibitors of Phosphofurctokinase?

A

ATP, PCr, Citrate

31
Q

Vitamin A acute toxicity symptoms?

A

nausea, vomiting, vertigo and blurry vision

32
Q

Ketone bodies are converted to acetyl-coA in which organs?

A

Liver

33
Q

What does the ACSM position stand suggest is a low energy intake for female athletes?

A

<1800–2000kcal·d-1

34
Q

Where is the serosa located?

A

Outer cover of the small intestine

35
Q

The fasting state refers to what time period post last meal?

A

12h to 18h

36
Q

cell membrane fat transporter?

A

Fatty acid translocase

37
Q

fat max lab will probably be on it

A

ok

38
Q

What is digestion?

A

Breaking down foods into nutrients in preparation for absorption

39
Q

What
exercising for less than 45 minutes?
advice on carbohydrate intake would you give to an athlete

A

30g/h of most types of carbohydrates

40
Q

Ketone bodies are converted to acetyl-coA in which organs?

A

Liver

41
Q

Where is the serosa located?

A

Outer cover of the small intestine

42
Q

How much of our water intake comes from food?

A

20%

43
Q

Which of the following is produced in the purine nucleotide cycle?

A

Fumarate

44
Q

What is the main product of β-oxidation of fatty acids?

A

Acetyl-coA

45
Q

Stages of translation?

A

Initation, elongation, termination

46
Q

‘normal’ energy charge of the cell?

A

09-0.95

47
Q

What happens to net muscle protein balance following resistance
exercise only?

A

it increases but remains negative

48
Q

What is the role of ghrelin?

A

Makes you hungry

49
Q

How does fat ingestion help reduce alcohol levels in the blood?

A

Increases time alcohol is in the stomach

50
Q

What should ideally happen in a RMR test?

A

. Measurement is ideally completed after a 12 hour fast. The individual must not complete physical activity or smoke for up to 24 hours preceding the measurement. The individual must be rested in the supine position in a quiet, thermoneutral environment for at least 30 minutes

51
Q

exercise that gives you highest risk of URTI?

A

High

52
Q

What macronutrient has highest digestibility?

A

Alcohol

53
Q

What happens to food intake after walking in cold?

A

Increased (men and women)

54
Q

What effect do glucocorticoids have on appetite?

A

Increase

55
Q

AI stands for?

A

Adequate intake

56
Q

What do statins do?

A

Lower LDL in blood

Cause amount of intracellular C to rise

Inhibit HMG co a reductase

57
Q

What does AMP aminase do?

A

Converts AMP into IMP by removing the amine group

58
Q

B12 deficiency =

A

Megaloblastic anemia

59
Q

What does GLUT 2 do?

A

Take glucose from blood and puts it into cells

60
Q

What decreases resting metabolic rate?

A

Starvation

61
Q

What do ATPases do?

A

Enzymes that split ATP by hydrolysis (combination with water) to form ATP + H2O = ADP + pi

62
Q

Esmarck 2001 found?

A

Timing does matter for protein synthesis

63
Q

What do dehydrogenase do?

A

Rearrange the molecule

64
Q

Removing the gall bladder would mean?

A

We digest less fat

65
Q

A cycle of beta oxidation produces something with how many carbons?

A

2

66
Q

What increases hormone sensitive lipase?

A

Adrenaline

Cortisol

Lipase

67
Q

3 steps of protein synthesis?

A

. transcription - copying dna to mrna

  1. translation - initiation, elongation and termination reading of mrna to make polypeptide chain
  2. . post translation modifications - folding into useful structures
68
Q

3 hormones and their function in digestion?

A

Gastrin - Stomach release HCL + pepsinogen Gastric and intestinal motility

Cholecystokinin (CCK) - Release of pancreatic enzymes and bile from gall bladder

Secretin - Stimulates release of pancreatic bicarbonate

69
Q

2 things that stimulate glycogenolysis and enzyme that activate?

A

Glucagon

Epinephrine

70
Q

3 immune cells and function?

A

Neutrophil - phagocytosis

Eosinophil - destroy parasites

Basophil - Cause inflammation

71
Q

4 main types of nutrient?

A

Macro - protein

Micro - Zn

Essential - Carbohydrate

Non essential - vitamin D

72
Q

Cortex equipment?

A

Face mask

Calibration syringe

Gas canister of known volume and concentration

Gas line

Human Biosciences (69 decks)

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