FINAL BIOMECHANICS ESSAY

Question 1

Mcneil, 2005?

Answer 1

Footwear biomechanical level, structure, function, motion, mechanical aspects, biological systems

Question 2

Kleppner, 1973?

Answer 2

Angular kinematics, rotational motion, absence of forces

Angular kinetics, rotational motion, regard to forces

Question 3

Clinghan, 2008?

Answer 3

Profit, shoe companies

Question 4

Clarke, 1983?

Answer 4

Motion control shoes, reduction, rear foot motion, ankle inversion injuries, anterior knee pain, plantar fasciitis

Medial posting, dual density

Question 5

Barret, 1985?

Answer 5

Affects athlete wellbeing

Question 6

Figures 1?

Answer 6

Figure 1: Rearfoot motion graph, y 5 to -10 rearfoot angle, x time
Upside down bell curve
Average 8-10 degrees
Label maximum

Question 7

Figure 2?

Answer 7

Right leg going outwards then inwards labelled supination
Label rearfoot angle

Right leg going inwards then outwards
Label rearfoot angle

Question 8

Figure 3?

Answer 8

4 pieces of bone, top left, top right, middle, bottom

Talocrural joint = top and left of middle bone

Subtalar = bottom of middle bone

Question 9

Description of figures 1 and 2?

Answer 9

Rearfoot motion

heel stance, = supination, =inversion plantar flexion adduction

Midstance, = pronation, = eversion, dorsi flexion, abduction

Toe off = propulsion

Question 10

Description of figure 3?

Answer 10

Foot and ankle complex

Subtalar = frontal + transverse movement, dissipation of momentum, hardness for propulsion

Talocrural, dorsiflexion + plantar flexion, hinge joint

Question 11

Hrelijac (2000)?

Answer 11

Lower extremity, biomechanical and anthrpometric, kinetic + kinematic, force plate, 4m.s^-1, filming

Looked at people with overuse injuries and no injuries

Found lower velocity in pronation in overuse injuries

= motion control detrimental

Question 12

Luz (2017)?

Answer 12

Patellofemoral pain, kinematic data, 3D system

Greater rearfoot eversion = patellofemoral pain

Changing it can reduce symptoms

Question 13

Conclusion for main paragraph 1?

Answer 13

Hrejilac (2000), small sample of 20, retrospective, grouped injuries

Luz (2017), more recent, but cross sectional, only kinematic data, rehabilitation rather than prevention

Question 14

Introduction main point 2?

Answer 14

Prospective better than retrospective

Question 15

Rice (2013)?

Answer 15

Ankle inversion risk, 145 injury free male recruits

Plantar pressure, kinematic variables

No association, peak eversion or eversion range

Was associated with narrower bimalleolar breadth width

Question 16

Willems 2005?

Answer 16

223 PE students, lower leg alignment + 3D kinematics and plantar pressure obtained

6-18 months after injuries collected

Injury = maximum tome in pronation, so footwear is beneficial

Question 17

Mini conclusion for main paragraph 2?

Answer 17

Both studies valid large and prospective

Talk about individualism

Question 18

Acronym?

Answer 18

Mcneil
Kicked
Cafu
Causing 
Bednter 
Horror
Like 
Robin 
Williams 

Mcneil (2005)
Klepnner (1973)
Clinghan (2008)
Clarke (1983)
Barret (1985)
Hrelijac (2000)
Luz (2017)
Rice (2013)
Willems (2005)

Question 19

Data obtained?

Answer 19

Hrejliac (2000) - biomechanical and anthrpometric, kinetic + kinematic, force plate, 4m.s^-1, fining

Luz (2017) - kinematic data, 3D system

Rice (2013) - Plantar pressure, kinematic variables

Willems (2005) - lower leg alignment + 3D kinematics and plantar pressure obtained