nutrition Condensed Flashcards
What are free sugars?
- sugars added to food/drink by the manufacturer cook or consumer
- sugars naturally present in honey, syrups, fruit juice
What is the difference between intrinsic and extrinsic?
- intrinsic sugars are inside the cell
- extrinsic sugars are not inside the cell
What does the Stephan curve compare?
PH and time after sucrose rinse
What are some low sugar snacks?
Carrots, breadsticks, oatcakes
What is saccharin?
Sweetener found in diet drinks (still erosive)
What is sorbitol/xylitol?
Sweetener
What is a high risk approach to dental care?
Identifies individuals most at risk
What is the population approach to dental care?
- addresses underlying factors which influence disease in the population eg water fluoridation eg childsmile
What is the common risk factor approach to dental care?
- integrating oral health into general health
- multi factorial eg diet/smoking
What comes under macronutrients?
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Fats and oils
What comes under micronutrients?
Minerals
Vitamins
What is sucrose formed from?
Glucose and fructose
What is maltose formed from?
Two glucose molecules
What is lactose formed from?
Glucose and galactose
What is the recommendation for sugar consumption in children?
- consumed as part of main meal
- in natural form
What is the main dietary lipid?
Triglycerides
Describe the eat well plate (recommended balance of food groups)
30% fruit/veg
30% starchy carbohydrates eg bread/rice/potatoes
15% protein eg meat/fish/egg
15% dairy
<10% fat/sugar
Describe the effects of insulin on CHO metabolism
- stimulates glucose uptake by cells
- stimulates glycolyses
- stimulus glycogen synthesis
- inhibits glycogen catabolism
Describe insulins role in protein synthesis
- increase amino acid uptake
- increase activity of protein synthesis enzymes
- reduces activity of protein catabolic enzymes
What is the role of adrenaline in control of metabolism during stress?
- increase in fatty acids for ATP production
- increase in glucose required for ATP production by:
Inhibiting insulin secretion
Triggering glucagon secretion
Stimulating glycogenolysis in liver
Stimulating glycolysis in muscle
What is the role of growth hormone in control of nutrient metabolism during stress?
- promotes lypolysis
- reduces liver uptake of glucose
- promotes gluconeogenesis in liver
What are the required vitamins?
- calcium
- phosphorus
- vitamin A, C, D
- fluoride
- protein
What are the different types of carbohydrates?
- monosaccharides
- disaccharides
- polysaccharides
What is an example of a polysaccharide?
Starch
What happens to food not digested in the small intestine?
It is fermented by the micro flora to short chain fatty acids and gases
What is the recommendation for free sugar intake by the SACN?
No more than 5% of daily energy intak e
What are free sugars?
All mono/disaccharides added to food by the manufacturer PLUS the sugar naturally present
What % of daily calorie intake is recommended to be taken up by starchy carbohydrates?
50%
What is CHO?
Fats
What are essential amino acids?
Sufficient amounts cannot by synthesised by the body
What are some main points in the eat well guide?
- base meals on starchy CHO
- 5 portions of fruit/veg a day
- two portions of fish a week
- unsaturated oils in small amounts
- only eat occasional small amounts of high fat/salt/sugar foods
- plenty of fluids (6-8 cups a day)
EAR
Estimated average requirement
RNI
Reference nutrient intake
LRNI
Lower reference nutrient intake
Fat soluble vitamins?
A,D,E,K
Water double vitamins?
C,B
What vitamins can be synthesised by the body?
D, K, some B
What does a lack in vit D cause in children?
Rickets
