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BDS1 BAMS human systems > nervous system > Flashcards

nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

what are the functions of the nervous system?

A
  • communication
  • regulating internal events
  • organising behaviour (external)
  • information storage (memory)
  • sensations, perceptions, emotions
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2
Q

what are the cells involved with the nervous system?

A

neurons (nerve cells) and neuroglia (glial cells)

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3
Q

what are the functions of glia cells?

A
  • more numerous that neurons
  • supportive, nutritive role
  • myelin formation (Schwann cells PNS- cover one axon, Oligodendrocytes CNS- project membrane and cover axon with layer of myelin)
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4
Q

name different types of glia cells

A
  • astrocytes
  • microglia
  • ependymal cells
  • oligodendrocytes
  • Schwann cells
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5
Q

what is the function of astrocytes?

A

nutrient supply to neurons in the CNS

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6
Q

what is the function of microglia?

A

defence- phagocytic

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7
Q

what is the function of ependymal cells?

A

involved in the production of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

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8
Q

what is the function of oligodendrocytes?

A

support neurons and myelin formation in the CNS

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9
Q

what is the function of Schwann cells?

A

support neurons and myelin formation in the PNS

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10
Q

describe neurons

A
  • excitable cells
  • generate and transmit signals
  • synaptic processors: memory etc.
  • many different types, structure relates to function
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11
Q

what nerves does the central nervous system include?

A

the brain and spinal cord

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12
Q

what nerves does the peripheral nervous system include?

A

spinal nerves and cranial nerves

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13
Q

what two sub systems can the nervous system be divided into?

A

sensory and motor systems

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14
Q

what direction do afferents go?

A

towards the CNS

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15
Q

what direction do efferents go?

A

away from the CNS

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16
Q

what is the difference between somatic and visceral?

A

we have conscience of somatic and no conscience of visceral- somatic pain is in the muscles, bones, or soft tissues whereas visceral pain comes from your internal organs and blood vessels

17
Q

where are spinal nerves found?

A

emerging along the length of the spinal cord

18
Q

how many pairs of spinal nerves are there?

A

31

19
Q

what is the breakdown of the 31 pairs of spinal nerves?

A
  • 8 cervical nerves
  • 12 thoracic nerves
  • 5 lumbar nerves
  • 5 sacral nerves
  • 1 coccygeal nerve
20
Q

what does each spinal nerve contain?

A

many sensory and motor axons

21
Q

what structure do axons supply to- sensory neurons?

A

regions on body surface called dermatomes

22
Q

whats structure do axons supply to- motor axons?

A

blocks of muscle called myotomes

23
Q

what is the name of the left and right anterior roots in a spinal nerve?

A

the ventral roots

24
Q

what is the name of the left and right posterior roots in a spinal nerve?

A

dorsal roots

25
Q

what are nerve plexuses?

A

sections of peripheral nerves which supply particular regions of the body

26
Q

how many pairs of cranial nerves are there?

A

12 pairs

27
Q

what do cranial nerves do?

A
  • they are connected to the brain
  • they provide sensory and motor nerve supply to head and neck structures
28
Q

name the cranial nerves and their function

A

I Olfactory nerve- smell
II Optic nerve- vision
III Oculomotor- focus/move eyes and dilate pupils
IV Trochlear- move eyes up down back and forth
V Trigeminal- face and cheek sensation, (taste) and jaw movement
VI Abducens- move eyes
VII Facial- facial expression and taste
VIII Auditory/vestibular- hearing and balance
IX Glossopharyngeal- taste and swallow
X Vagus- digestion and heart rate (taste)
XI Accessory- shoulder and neck muscle movement
XII Hypoglossal- move tongue

29
Q

where do peripheral nerves carry information?

A

to and from the CNS

30
Q

what are afferent signals related to?

A

sensation

31
Q

what are efferent signals related to?

A

motion

32
Q

which nerve controls voluntary muscle?

A

somatic efferents

33
Q

which nerve controls autonomic nervous system?

A

visceral efferents

34
Q

in relation to the nerve, where should local anaesthetic be injected?

A

NEAR the nerve

35
Q

what are primary sensory neurons?

A

Primary afferents are sensory neurons (axons or nerve fibers) in the peripheral nervous system that transduce information about mechanical, thermal, and chemical states of the body and transmit it to sites in the central nervous system.

36
Q

what are characteristics of a myelinated axon?

A

larger diameter and more speed

BDS1 BAMS human systems (47 decks)

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