bones and joints Flashcards
how many bones are there in the adult human body?
206
how many bones are there in the hand and wrist?
27
how many bones are there in the foot and ankle?
26
what are the end of bones called?
epiphysis
what is the middle section of a bone called?
diaphysis shaft
what separates the diaphysis shaft and epiphysis?
epiphyseal plate
what is the first formed bone in the body and last bone to fuse together?
clavicle
what type of bone does the epiphysis contain?
cancellous bone
what protects the ends of the bone?
articular cartilages
what surrounds bones?
compact bone and periosteum
what lies on the inside of bones?
marrow (red and yellow)
what allows for bone growth?
what are the three types of joints?
- synovial
- fibrous
- cartilaginous
what is the function of a synovial joint?
Extensive movement, smooth cartilage ,synovial fluid in a capsule.
eg shoulders elbows and knees
what is the function of fibrous joints?
No synovial cavity. Joint held together by dense connective tissue.
eg Skull
what is the function of cartilaginous joints?
No synovium, little movement held together by cartilage.
eg Pelvis- most movement during childbirth
what are the components of synovial joints?
BONES
Articular (hyaline) CARTILAGE
Marginal (fibro) cartilage
Synovial FLUID
Joint CAPSULE
LIGAMENTS (passive stabilisers)
Musculo tendinous support (active stabilisers)
TENDONS
MUSCLE To move the joint
what does the joint cavity contain?
synovial fluid
what two components make up the articular cartilage?
fibrous capsule (outside) and synovial membrane (inside)
when do the anterior fontanelle close?
9-18 months
when do the posterior fontanelle close?
1-2 months
what type of joint is a syndesmoses?
a fibrous joint
what is a syndemoses?
Greater distance between articular surface
More dense connective tissue
Distal tibia and fibula
what type of joint is a symphysis?
cartilaginous joint
what is a symphysis?
Bone ends covered by hyaline cartilage, disc of fibrocartilage in between
e.g pelvis, sternum, ribs
what type of joint is a synchonrosis?
cartilaginous joint
what is a synchondrosis joint?
where hyaline cartilage completely joins together two bones- immovable eg 1st sternocostal joint
what is the name for a primary cartilaginous joint?
synchondrosis
what is the name for a secondary cartilaginous joint?
symphyses
what vessels could rupture if theres trauma at the pterion?
middle meningeal blood vessels
what is the function of the atlas?
helps hold the skull up
what is the function of the atlas?
helps hold the skull up
what does the acromio-clavicular joint join?
appendicular to axial skeleton
why do the bones of the spine get bigger going down?
holding more of the body
glenoid
what is the joint of the hip?
acetabulum (between ilium, ischium and pubis)
why is the shoulder joint more likely to dislocate than the hip joint?
the hip joint it deeper
what are the categories of bones in the foot?
phalanges, metatarsals and tarsal bones
what are the categories of bones in the hand?
phalanges, metacarpals and carpal
