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BDS1 BAMS human systems > autonomic nervous > Flashcards

autonomic nervous Flashcards

1
Q

what does the visceral efferent component of the ANS control?

A

involuntary activities of:
- smooth muscle
- cardiac muscle
- various glands

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2
Q

what are the two divisions of the ANS?

A
  • sympathetic NS
  • parasympathetic NS
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3
Q

where are the cell bodies of pre-ganglionic neurons in the parasympathetic division?

A

brainstem:
CN 3, 7, 9
- ‘head structures’
CN 10 (Vagus) - thoracic and abdominal organs
sacral spinal cord:
S 2, 3, 4 - pelvic organs

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4
Q

where are the cell bodies of pre-ganglionic neurons in the sympathetic division?

A
  • thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord- T1-L2
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5
Q

which division of the ANS is the adrenal medulla part of?

A

the sympathetic NS

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6
Q

describe the organisation of the parasympathetic NS in the ANS

A
  • Long pre-gang neuron
  • Short post-gang neuron
  • Ganglion near or in effector organ
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7
Q

describe the organisation of the sympathetic NS in the ANS

A
  • Pre- and post-gang neurons similar in length
  • Synapse in sympathetic chain or one of the collateral (or pre-vertebral) ganglia or in the adrenal medulla
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8
Q

what is the function of the parasympathetic NS?

A

Generally has discrete actions on single organs, in the body ‘core’:
- salivary gland; heart
Conservative, anabolic effects:
- storing energy - digestion etc (cow in a field)
- slowing heart

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9
Q

which cranial nerves are involved in the autonomic NS?

A

3, 7, 9 and 10

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10
Q

what is the function of the sympathetic NS?

A

More widespread actions, often affecting whole body:
- distribution of sympathetic nerves; circulating adrenaline
Homeostasis:
- Blood pressure, thermoregulation
Fight, flight or fright:
- meeting demands of active muscle
- anxiety (dental treatment!)

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11
Q

which spinal nerves are involved with the sympathetic NS?

A
  • Spinal nerves C2-C8 carry sympathetic innervation to head, neck, upper limbs and thorax.
  • Spinal nerves T1-L2 carry sympathetic innervation for the trunk wall.
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12
Q

what spinal nerves are involved with the parasympathetic NS?

A

sacral 2-4

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13
Q

what are the effects of ANS activity around the body?

A
  • regulation of blood pressure
  • gastrointestinal responses to food
  • contraction of the urinary bladder
  • focusing of the eyes
  • thermoregulation
  • etc.
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14
Q

what system controls breathing?

A

the somatic system- skeletal muscles
NOT THE ANS

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15
Q

what is the effect of the ANS on the iris?

A

PS- contraction
S- contraction

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16
Q

what is the effect of the ANS on ciliary muscle?

A

PS- contraction
S- relaxation

17
Q

what is the effect of the ANS on salivary glands?

A

PS- watery secretion
S- viscous secretion

18
Q

what is the effect of the ANS on lacrimal glands?

A

PS- secretion
S- secretion

19
Q

what is the effect of the ANS on nasal glands?

A

PS- secretion
no action in sympathetic

20
Q

what is the effect of the ANS on blood vessels?

A

no action in parasympathetic
S- constriction/dilation

21
Q

what produces adrenaline?

A

the adrenal medulla

22
Q

what are neurotransmitters in the ANS?

A
  • noradrenaline
23
Q

what does noradrenaline cause?

A
  • contraction of smooth muscle in blood vessels
  • relaxation of bronchail
24
Q

adrenergic receptors

A
  • alpha
  • beta
25
Q

what do many local anaesthetics contain which is used as a vasoconstrictor

A

adrenaline- be aware of patients with heart conditions

26
Q

cholinergic receptors

A
  • muscarinic
  • nicotinic
26
Q

cholinergic receptors

A
  • muscarinic
  • nicotinic
27
Q

where do S and PS nerves NOT have opposing effects?

A

genetilia

28
Q

how is control achieved by autonomic nerves?

A

by balancing the S and PS activity

29
Q

what parts of the body receive sympathetic nerve supply only?

A

blood vessels and glands- achieved by varying activity in the S nerves

BDS1 BAMS human systems (47 decks)

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