Neuro 4 part 1 (midterm)

Question 1

what kind of virus is rabies, and what is the pathogenesis?

Answer 1

rhabdovirus
bitten or scratched by a rabid animal, local replication, binds to acetylcholine receptors at the neuromucular junction, fast retrograde axonal transport to the CNS, reotrgrade axonal transport to the salivary gland

Question 2

what are the 3 clinical phases of rabies?

Answer 2

prodromal, excitatory, paralytic

Question 3

what is one histo lesion you can find for rabies?

Answer 3

negri bodies

Question 4

prion disease is actually called: ______ and is caused by

Answer 4

transmissible spongiform encephalitis
infectius proteins/abnormally folded proteins

Question 5

can prion diseases be transmitted to people?

Answer 5

only BSE can, usually there is a species barrier

Question 6

what are thw two ways of getting prion disease?

Answer 6

acquired: horizontal transmission, ingestion, possible verticle transmission?
spontaneous mutation

Question 7

with prion disease, how long does it take to see clinical signs?

Answer 7

it takes a long time sometimes years and it will be progressive an there is no immune response, fatal

Question 8

on histo how could you identify prion disease?

Answer 8

vacuolation of the neurons

Question 9

what part of the brain do you need to submit is you are testing for prion disease?

Answer 9

the obex

Question 10

what are all the causes of polioencephalomalacia?

Answer 10

• thamine deficnecy
• sulfur toxicity
• lead toxicity
• salt toxicity

Question 11

why does ruminal acidosis/grain overload cause a thiamine deficiency and possibly polioencephalomalacia?

Answer 11

normally the microflora of the rumenproduce thiamine, so if this is disrupted, there can be a thiamine definecy

Question 12

explain how the histo lesions of polioencephalomalacia differ between herbivores and carnivores

Answer 12

herbivores: targets the deep gray matter of the cerebral cortex, bilaterally symmetric and yellow discoloration, flouresces, laminary cortical necrosis

carnivores: bilaterally symmetric, but in the caudal caniculi

Question 13

what are two ways in which salt toxicity can happen in pigs?

Answer 13

1. direct over consumption of salt in a ration, supplement, or high concentration in water
2. indirect water deprevation followed by sudden unlimited access to water

Question 14

for salt toxicity in pigs, what on histo will you find?

Answer 14

eosinophilic infiltrates in the meninges