GI 1: Oral Cavity Flashcards
what unique feature do pigs have in their oral cavity?
pharyngeal diverticulum
in birds, the opening from the oral cavity into the nasal cavity is called the
choana
what are the two types of teeth?
bachydont and hypsodont teeth
baby teeth are called
deciduous teeth
premolars and molars in horses and ruminants are grouped together called ______
cheek teeth
the upper 4th premoral and lower 1st molar of carnivores form the ______
carnassial teeth
what are wolf teeth?
they are the first premolar in horses, they are often removed, they are NOT the same as the canine teeth
in horses, which arcade is wider? What does this cause?
upper arcade is wider, which means there are often sharp points on the upper buccal surface and the lower lingual surface
list the major 4 salivay glands
parotid, mandibular, subingual, zygomatic
what is the name for: cleft palate
palatoschisis
the name for cleft lip
cheiloschisis
what is a common sequelae of cleft palate in neonates?
aspiration penumonia
what is the name for an elongated mandible?
prognathia
what is brachygnathia? what are the two types?
jaw abnormalities, either branchygnathia inferior (shortening of the mandible called parrot mouth) or branchygnathia superior (shortening of the maxillae)
what is epitheliogenesis imperfecta?
a hereditary anaomaly leading to defects in the skin, the tongue is commonly affected, essentially is an improper formation of the epidermal surface
inflammation of the oral cavity is called
stomatitis
inflammation of the lips is called
cheilitis
inflammation of the pharynx is called
pharyngitis
inflammation of the tongue is called
glossitis
inflammation of the gums is called
gingivitis
inflammation of the tonsils is called
tonsilitis
what is this condition called? Lesions are usually where?
feline ondontoclastic resorptive lesions (FORLs), similar to cavities, painful, idiopathic
often start at the subgingival neck or upper root of the cheek teeth
What does the acronym EOTRH stand for and what teeth does it like to target?
equine ondontoclastic tooth resorption and hypercememtosis, likes to target the canines and incisors
what disease is this? what is exactly happening here? this disease is most common in what kind of animal?
equine ondontoclastic tooth resorption and hypercementosis. the cementum is proliferating and then lysing. most common in older horses
what is this disease?
equine ondontoclastic tooth resorption and hypercementosis
ondontogenic dysplasia is seen in what animal? what happens to these animals?
rodents, the teeth proliferate (all components) resulting in malocclusion, hypersalivation, and emaciation
what disease is this?
ondontogenic dysplasia in a rodent
what disease is CUPS? what is it known as commonly? what is it associated with? what teeth are commonly affected?
chronic ulcerative paradental stomatitis, known as kissing ulcers. it is associated with periodontal disease. maxillary canine and carnassial teeth are usually most severely affected
what is this disease?
chronic ulcerative paradental stomatitis (CUPS)
calf diptheria (oral necrobacillosis) is caused by what bacteria? How does this bacteria infect? systemic disease is more common in ____ animals
fusobacterium necrophorum
it is a secondary invader after mucosal damage
more common in young animals
in calf diptheria (oral necrobaccilosis), what do the gross lesions look like? on histology what do you expect to see?
yellow gray, well demarcated necrosis often with hyperemic rim
on histo the bacteria will be arranged into long filaments
what is this disease?
calf diptheria (oral necrobacillosis)
what disease is this?
calf diptheria (oral necrobacillosis)
what disease is this?
calf diptheria (oral necrobacillosis)
what is the actual disease name for wooden tongue? What is it caused by?
actinobacillosis
actinobacillus lignieresii, a gram neg bacteria
what is lumpy jaw caused by?
actinomyces bovis
wooden tongue on histology will show what?
splendore-hoeppli (sulfur granules), hard yellow structures that are firm, hard, and swollen
what is the actual name for thrush? what is it caused by?
oral candidiasis
caused by fungus candida albicans
where can thrush ocurr? what are gross features that you would seen? on histology what can you see?
can happen anywhere in the keratinized portion of the GIT so the oral cavity, the esophagus, and stomach depending on species
gross features are a pale yellow to gray psudeomembrane over the oral mucosa
on histology you will see a distinct keratinized layer
what are 3 differentials for this lesion?
candidiasis
trichomoniasis
avipox virus
the “big 4” of vesicular stomatides all have what things in common?
all viruses, look identical grossly and histologically, all have high morbidity and low mortality, almost all reportable, have trade implications and production limiting
in terms of vesicular stomatitides, what exactly is a vesicle?
a blister of serous fluid, they are usually short lived and rupture to form ulcers
what is foot and mouth disease caused by? what kind of animals does it infect?
foot and mouth disease virus
affects cloven hooved animals
foot and mouth disease only causes mortality in what kind of animal with what clinical sign?
in neonates, myocarditis
in foot and mouth disease, where are vesicles found?
mouth, on the feet (coronary bands), and the mammary glands
what is vesicular stomatitis caused by? where is it sporadic? what kind of animals does it affect?
vesicular stomatitis virus
sporadic in north america
it affects HORSES, cattle, and pigs
what disease is this?
foot and mouth disease
what disease is this?
foot
foot and mouth disease in a black bear
what is this disease?
vesicular stomatitis
which two diseases have indistinguishable lesions?
foot and mouth disease and vesicular stomatitis
what is one of the big 4 diseases that affects pigs as well as as sea lions?
vesicular exanthema of swine caused by calicivirus
vesicular exanthema of swine is the same thing as what virus in california sea lions?
san miguel sea lion virus
what disease is this?
san miguel sea lion virus aka vesicular exanthema of swine
what big 4 vesicular disease affects ONLY pigs?
swine vesicular disease
which disease is not one of the big 4 but is sort of added as a 5th?
seneca valley virus in pigs
uremia is a type of ________ associated with chronic renal disease
ulcerative stomatitis
what kind of lesions are seen with uremia?
dirty gray-brown ulcers on the gums, tongue, and inner lips and cheeks
what disease is this?
uremia
what disease is this and what is it caused by? who does it usually affect?
bovine papular stomatitis caused by bovine papular stomatitis virus (a parapox virus). Usually affects calves mostly (in adults usually not clinically significant in adults).
what do the lesions look like in bovine papular stomatitis? what is important to remember about this disease?
elevated and targetoid lesions on the muzzle, nares, gums, hard palate, etc. ZOONOTIC!!! wear gloves!!
what disease is this?
bovine papular stomatitis
Orf is actually called ______ and caused by _____
contagious ecthyma, contagious pustular dermatitis caused by parapoxvirus
what do the gross lesions of orf look like?
proliferative scabby lesions on the lips, face, udder, and feet
what disease is this, and should you be concerned?
orf, and yes, it is contagious!!
inflammation of the salivary glands is called
sialoadentitis
problems with the salivary glands are usually caused by _____ and not infectious
functional problems
diffuse fibrous hyperplasia is common in what breed of dog?
boxers
what is this
gingival hyperplasia/ diffuse fibrous hyperplasia in a boxer dog
oral papillomatosis happens usually in what genre of animal?
young animals, then they regress spontaneously
what broad class of virus caused this?
papilloma virus
what disease is FEPLO? are these lesions malignant or benign? they are most common in?
fibromatous epulis of periodontal ligament origin
they are benign and do not invade the bone or metastasize
most common in dogs
what is this?
FEPLO (fibromatous epulis of periodontal ligament origin)
what kind of dental tumor is unique to dogs and is locally aggressive invading the bone?
canine acanthomatous ameloblastoma (CAA)
what dental tumor is this?
CAA (canine acanthomatous ameloblastoma)
list the 3 most common tumors of the oral cavities in dogs and the 4 most common in cats
dogs: melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma, fibrosarcoma
cats: squamous cell carcinoma, fibrosarcoma, lymphoma, melanoma
where are squamous cell carcinomas often found? how do they often appear?
ventral tongue area
locally nvasive to the bone and are irregular, nodular, sometimes ulcerated
is malignant melanoma always pigmented?
no
do malignant melanomas have a consistent gross appearance?
no
what kind of tumor is this
malignant melanoma
in which breed of dog are fibrosarcomas most often seen?
golden retrievers
which tumor appears boring on histology but is aggressive and invades quickly?
fibrosarcoma
