GI 4: Small and Large Intestine Part 2

Question 1

What is Johne’s disease also called? what other species besides cattle can get this disease? What causes this disease? How is it transmitted?

Answer 1

bovine paratuberculosis
any domestic ruminant can get the disease
caused by mycobacterium avium spp paratuberculosis
transmitted by fecal oral route, milk, colostrum, or water

Question 2

You have a cow with chronic diarrhea with emaciation and hypoprotenemia in a cow that is 3 years old. What is your number one differential?

Answer 2

Johne’s disease, bovine paratuberculosis

Question 3

why does Johne’s disease often affect older animals?

Answer 3

because it has a really long incubation period; animals are infected as neonates and the don’t show clinical disease until after 18 months old

Question 4

if you were to identify Johne’s disease grossly in an intestinal specimin, what would you be looking for to help you with your diagnosis? On histo what things are you looking for?

Answer 4

segmental cerebelliform thickening of the intestine, usually lesions are found in the ileum, enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes
on histo: infiltration of the lamina propria by lots of macrophages, these macrophages contain acid fast bacilli

Question 5

what disease has a suspected link to Chrone’s disease in humans?

Answer 5

Johne’s disease, bovine paratuberculosis

Question 6

this came from a cow that is 3 years old and had chronic diarrahea and was emaciated. what is your diagnosis?

Answer 6

johne’s disease

Question 7

Lawsonia intracellularis causes what disease in which animal(s)?

Answer 7

porcine proliferative enteropathy
infects pigs but also can infect horses as well

Question 8

grossly you have a porcine specimin with cerebelliform thickening of the intestines, necrotic enteritis, and prolfierative hemorrhagic enteropathy. What is your differential, and what disease presents similarly in cattle?

Answer 8

porcine proliferative enteropathy
in cattle suspect Johne’s disease (cereballiform thickening)

Question 9

your father asks you “hey kid, what would ya look for in a dead pig if it had this so called proliferative enteropathy?”

Answer 9

cerebelliform thickening of the intestines
necrotic enteritis
proliferative hemorrhagic enteropathy

Question 10

this is the inestine of a pig. what is your diagnosis?

Answer 10

porcine proliferative enteropathy

Question 11

what is the etiology of swine dysentery and what gross lesions would you expect to find?

Answer 11

brachyspira hyodysenteriae
grossly: mainly affects the large intestine, mucohemhorrhagic to fibrinous colitis

Question 12

this is the colon of a pig, what can you see here that helps you figure out the diagnosis?

Answer 12

you can see fibrin/fibrinous colitis, which helps you identify this is swine dysentery

Question 13

what is another name for potomac horse fever? What is the etiology? What intermediate host is required to pass this disease?

Answer 13

equine neorickettsiosis
etiology: neorickettsia risticii
intermediate host is trematode (fluke) that infects snails and aquatic insects

Question 14

a client has a horse with a fever, leukopenia, loss of appetite, colic, and diarrhea. There is a large pond of stagnant water near the horse’s pasture where it grazes normally. What is your differential?

Answer 14

potomac horse fever/ equine neorickettsiosis
(passed via snails or aquatic insects in stagnant water)

Question 15

what are some gross lesions of potomac horse fever?

Answer 15

a fluid filled bowel with a FOUL odor, marked edema seen in distal limbs sometimes causing laminitis

Question 16

antibiotic therapy is a predisposing factor what zoonotic disease in foals (rabbits, pigs, and cats sometimes)? What are some gross lesions of this disease?

Answer 16

clostridium difficile
grossly: intense hyperemia and hemorrhage/hemorrhagic contents in the nitestines

Question 17

Salmonella can cause _______ and ________ and causes diarrhea at what ages?

Answer 17

localized enterocolitis, septicemia
cause diarrhea at any age

Question 18

what are some gross lesions of salmonella?

Answer 18

fibrinonecrotizing or catarrhal enteritis and typhlocolitis, button ulcers, foul odor

Question 19

which species of bacteria causes chronic rectal strictures in pigs and is associated with antibiotic treatment in horses?

Answer 19

salmonella typhimurium

Question 20

which species of bacteria causes fibrinous cholecystitis (fibrin cast in he gallbladder) in cattle?

Answer 20

salmonella dublin

Question 21

what are two differentials when you see a fibrinonecrotic cast in the small intestine of a pig

Answer 21

salmonella species or lawsonia intracellularis (both can cause a cast)

Question 22

these lesions are in the small intestine an this animal also had diarrhea. what is your differential?

Answer 22

salmonella (button ulcers)

Question 23

this is a gallbladder of a cow. what are you seeing and what is your differential?

Answer 23

fibrin casting of the gallbladder/fibrinous cholecystitis caused by salmonella dublin

Question 24

what does BVDV stand for and what are the two forms of the disease? What are the major differences between these two forms?

Answer 24

bovine viral diarrhea virus, there is classic BVD and severe acute BVD
classic BVD: in older animals with sufficient immune systems, non cytopathic form, high morbidity low mortality
severe acute BVD: this is a BVDV2 strain, high morbidity and high mortality in all ages, sudden death can ocurr

Question 25

what are some gross lesions of BVDV?

Answer 25

linear esophageal ulcers, necrosis and hemhorrhage over the peyer’s patches

Question 26

list some differentials for this lesion in the esophagus

Answer 26

these are linear ulcers in the esophagus: BVDV, parapox, vesicular disease

Question 27

this is tissue near the peyer’s patches in a bovine. What is your top differential?

Answer 27

these are necrosis and hemorrhaging over the peyer’s patches which is consistent with BVDV

Question 28

yorkshire terriers and norwegian lundehund dogs are predisposed to gettinga disease causing dilation of the lacteals called _______

Answer 28

lymphangiectasia

Question 29

this is taken from a yorkshire terrier. what are you seeing and what disease process is this? If this were a cat, what disease looks similar to this?

Answer 29

dilated lacteals full of fat causing protein loss thru GI tract (lymphangiectasia)
FIP can ook similar in cats (fibrin on serosal surface of intestines)

Question 30

name this disease in a small beed dog presenting with a swollen abdomen

Answer 30

lymphangiectasia

Question 31

granulomatous colitis of boxers is also called________. What is the main clinical sign associated with this disease? What gross lesion is often present? What is one histo change you will see? What is the cause?

Answer 31

histiocytic ulcerative colitis
clinical signs: chronic freuency bloody mucoid diarrhea
grossly: thickened ulcerated colon
histo: infiltration of submucosa by macrophages
cause: E coli

Question 32

What is idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease? What animals is it most common in? What changes will you see on histo?

Answer 32

a clinical syndrome (not diagnosis), usually a fallback diagnosis usually happening in cats and dogs.
histo: lymphoplasmacytic inflammation

Question 33

idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease can progress to become what? In which animal(s) does this happen?

Answer 33

progress to intestinal lymphoma in cats and basenji dogs

Question 34

horses can get ulceration of the colon and the stomach as a result of

Answer 34

NSAID administration

Question 35

what is a common epithelial neoplasia that is benign that ocurrs in dogs? What is an example of a malignant one?

Answer 35

benign: anal hepatoid gland adenomas (perianal adenoma)
malignant: anal gland adenocarcinomas

Question 36

the number one intestinal tumor in dogs and cats is

Answer 36

lymphoma

Question 37

in terms of lymphoma, which is worse to have, a large cell lymphoma or a small cell lymphoma? Which type do cats usually get?

Answer 37

large cell has a worse prognosis than small cell
cats mostly get small cell/T cell lymphomas

Question 38

this is a dog specimin near the anus. What is this?

Answer 38

anal sac adenocarcinoma

Question 39

pancreatitis is most common in ______, and ______ can get something called triaditis

Answer 39

dogs
cats

Question 40

what are the 3 components of triaditis?

Answer 40

pancreatitis, cholangitis, enteritis

Question 41

what is a gross feature of pancreatitis?

Answer 41

saponification of fat

Question 42

what is this? this is a dog

Answer 42

pancreatitis

Question 43

what viruses can cause this pancreatis necrosis in the bird?

Answer 43

avian influenza, newcastle disease, and west nile virus

Question 44

pancreatic insufficiency is more common in _____, with a clinical sign often being _____

Answer 44

dogs
steatorrhea

Question 45

there are two forms of exocrine pancreatic insufficinecy. The congenital form is often seen in what breed of dog? The acquired form is caused by what?

Answer 45

juvenile pancreatic atrophy is seen in german shepherds
acquired form: zinc toxicity

Question 46

what is an example of a nasty pancreatic tumor?

Answer 46

pancreatic adenocarcinomas

Question 47

this is showing the pancreas. what is this?

Answer 47

pancreatic adenocarcinoma. a very aggressive tumor and metastasis is common