NATIONAL SUPERCOMPUTING MISSION Flashcards
Why in News?
India recently awarded French technology firm Atos the contract to build a network of 70 supercomputers across India under the National Supercomputing Mission.
The first supercomputer designed and built under National Supercomputing Mission (NSM) by C-DAC at Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi is named “Param Shivay”. It uses more than one lakh twenty thousand compute cores (CPU + GPU cores) to offer a peak computing power of 833 TeraFlops.
first academic institution to get a supercomputing facility under the National Supercomputing Mission (NSM)
Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur is the first academic institution to get a supercomputing facility under the National Supercomputing Mission (NSM). Others will be set up in IIT BHU and IIITM Pune. While IIT BHU will get a one Petaflop supercomputer, the other two institutes will have 650 Teraflops each.
This will provide large computational support to users to carry out both research and teaching activities that involve state-of-the-art High Performance Computing (HPC) at an estimated cost of Rs. 4500 crore over a period of seven years.
About The Mission
The Mission envisages empowering our national academic and R&D institutions spread over the country by installing a vast supercomputing grid comprising of more than 70 high-performance computing facilities.
These supercomputers will also be networked on the National Supercomputing grid over the National Knowledge Network (NKN).
The NKN is a central government initiative which connects academic institutions and R&D labs over a high speed network.
Under NSM, the long-term plan is to build a strong base of 20,000 skilled persons. PARAM Shavak is one such machine that has been deployed to provide training.
The mission will be implemented by the Department of Science and Technology (Ministry of Science and Technology) and Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY), through the Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC) and Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bengaluru.
Introduction to NSM
The first phase of the NSM is focused on assembling the supercomputers; the build element will be part of the second phase.
As per the initial plan, while some components would be imported, some like server-board assemblies, cooling solutions, power supply and storage systems would be manufactured in India with an aim to make 50% of the components locally over time.
The Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC) is evaluating the technical bids by firms such as Acer, Fujitsu, IBM, HCL, TCS, Dell and Netweb and the contract is likely to be awarded soon.
Objective
To make India one of the world leaders in Supercomputing and to enhance India’s capability in solving grand challenge problems of national and global relevance.
The Mission also includes development of High Performance Computing (HPC) aware human resource for meeting challenges of development of these applications.
To minimize redundancies and duplication of efforts, and optimize investments in supercomputing.
To attain global competitiveness and ensure self-reliance in the strategic area of supercomputing technology.
Application Areas
Climate Modelling. Weather Prediction. Aerospace Engineering including CFD, CSM, CEM. Computational Biology. Molecular Dynamics. Atomic Energy Simulations. National Security/Defence Applications. Seismic Analysis. Disaster Simulations and Management. Computational Chemistry. Computational Material Science and Nanomaterials. Discoveries beyond Earth (Astrophysics). Large Complex Systems Simulations and Cyber Physical Systems. Big Data Analytics. Finance. Information repositories/Government Information Systems.
Supercomputers in India
India’s supercomputer program was started in late 1980s because Cray supercomputers could not be imported into India due to an arms embargo imposed on India, as it was a dual-use technology and could be used for developing nuclear weapons.
This led to setting up the Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC) in March 1988 with the clear mandate to develop an indigenous supercomputer to meet high-speed computational needs.
FIRST supercomputer of INDIA.
PARAM 8000, considered to be India’s first supercomputer was indigenously built in 1991 by the Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC).
Presently, Pratyush, a Cray XC40 system - an array of computers that can deliver a peak power of 6.8 petaflops, installed at the Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology (IITM), Pune, is the fastest supercomputer in India. Launched in January 2018, it is the fourth fastest High Performance Computer (HPC) dedicated to climate modelling in the world.
Global Rankings
India has its 5 supercomputers in the TOP500 List - June 2018 (released twice-yearly), of the world’s most powerful supercomputers
39th RANK Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology
India
Pratyush - Cray XC40, Xeon E5-2695v4 18C 2.1GHz, Aries interconnect
Cray Inc.
4,006.2
TFlop/s
66th RANK National Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting
India Mihir - Cray XC40, Xeon E5-2695v4 18C 2.1GHz, Aries interconnect
Cray Inc.
2,808.7
TFlop/s
206th RANK
Software Company (M)
India
InC1 - Lenovo C1040, Xeon E5-2673v4 20C 2.3GHz, 40G Ethernet
Lenovo
1,413.1
TFlop/s
327th RANK
Supercomputer Education and Research Centre (SERC), Indian Institute of Science
India
SERC - Cray XC40, Xeon E5-2680v3 12C 2.5GHz, Aries interconnect
Cray Inc.
1,244.2
TFlop/s
496th RANK
Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology
India
iDataPlex DX360M4, Xeon E5-2670 8C 2.600GHz, Infiniband FDR
IBM
790.7
TFlop/s
The fastest computer of the world
The fastest computer of the world is in the USA called - SUMMIT
1st RANK
DOE/SC/Oak Ridge National Laboratory
United States
Summit - IBM Power System AC922, IBM POWER9 22C 3.07GHz, NVIDIA Volta GV100, Dual-rail Mellanox EDR Infiniband
IBM
187,659.3
TFlop/s
Benefits
It supports the government’s vision of ‘Digital India’ and ‘Make in India’ initiatives.
India’s large Scientific & Technology community will have access to SUPERCOMPUTING POWER necessary for developing applications in Artificial Intelligence, Big Data, Cyber security, etc.
These machines will be part of the National Supercomputing grid over the National Knowledge Network (NKN), which will have wide-scale applications in the fields of climate modelling, weather prediction, aerospace engineering, computational biology, molecular dynamics, atomic energy simulations, national security and defence applications.Under NSM, the long-term plan is to build a strong base of 20,000 skilled persons who will be equipped to handle the complexities of supercomputers. They will be trained over the next five years and will become one of the largest ever dedicated human resource bases equipped to use these mighty computers.
Challenges
Multiple Agencies Involved: There had been a number of delays over the past three years, largely because the project still doesn’t have one dedicated person heading it.
Funding: Despite launching its supercomputer program in late 1980s, public awareness and interest has remained lukewarm, resulting in little funding in Research and development.
Import Dependent: India’s stronghold is in the field of software development, it has to depend on imports to procure the hardware components required for building supercomputers, and this is a drain on the resources.
Way Forward
High-performance computing is important if India wants to make significant progress in areas like weather forecasting, drug discovery, astrophysics and bioinformatics.
Favourable environment and funding in the field of science and technology will not only cut down India’s dependence on foreign imports but will also bolster its goal of Make in India.
Developing indigenous facilities will ensure that applications are tailored to address problems that are specific to India.
