Food security around WORLD. Flashcards
STATUS
Nearly a billion people across the world experience the effects of food insecurity. According to the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), food security means having, at all times, both physical and economic access to sufficient food to meet dietary needs for a productive and healthy life. Put more simply, families are able to afford and obtain enough nutritious food. A family is food secure when its members do not live in hunger or fear of hunger . Both in the United States and in developing nations, food insecurity is often linked to poverty. Shifts in the global economy, including rises in global food and oil prices, can affect food security throughout the world, with especially severe effects in low-income countries.
WHAT are three aspects of FOOD security according to WHO?
The World Health Organization (WHO) defines three main aspects of food security.
The FOOD availability, Food access and food utilisation.
What is FOOD avalibility?
The first is food availability, having a sufficient supply of food available on a consistent basis . This food can be either locally produced or imported from other places. In some cases, communities may be unable to produce their own food locally because of inappropriate agricultural technologies or practices; lack of natural resources or productive land; climate constraints; emergency situations like natural disasters; or health constraints, such as HIV/AIDS, that prevent people from engaging in labor . Communities may be unable to import food from other places because of issues like lack of foreign exchange, political unrest, or lack of transportation
What is FOOD access?
having sufficient resources to obtain appropriate foods for a nutritious diet . Even when a sufficient supply of food exists to feed everyone, food may not always be accessible to everyone. People need to have sufficient incomes and resources in order to obtain food. There are a number of factors that can affect a person’s economic access to food, including lack of job opportunities that can provide sufficient income, or lack of training or business knowledge for success with income generating activities.
What is FOOD utilization?
This means that people make appropriate use of food, based on knowledge of basic nutrition and care, and have access to water and sanitation for preparing food and maintaining proper hygiene. Nutrition education can be an important part of improving food utilization-making sure people are aware of the variety of foods their bodies need to maintain good health.
U.S. position on FOOD SECURITY?
Food security is an issue both globally and at home in the United States. According to recent data from the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), approximately 14.7% of U.S. households experience low or very low food security . This equates to nearly 50 million people in the United States, including about 17 million children . In response to food insecurity, the U.S. government offers food assistance to low income families through the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP).
GLOBAL aspects?
Looking at food security globally, the number of people experiencing food insecurity in the United States and other developed nations makes up only about two percent of the global total . The United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) states that 925 million people in the world are undernourished. The largest percentage of undernourished people live in Asia and the Pacific Islands, followed by Sub-Saharan Africa . Fortunately, there is enough food in the world today for everyone to have the nourishment they need for a healthy and productive life . A key factor in addressing the world’s food security challenges is improving the availability, access, and utilization of food across global communities.
WHAT is FAO?
Abbreviation FAO
Formation 16 October 1945; 76 years ago
The FAO is composed of 195 members (including 194 countries and the European Union). It is headquartered in Rome, Italy and maintains regional and field offices around the world, operating in over 130 countries. It helps governments and development agencies coordinate their activities to improve and develop agriculture, forestry, fisheries, and land and water resources. It also conducts research, provides technical assistance to projects, operates educational and training programs, and collects data on agricultural output, production, and development.
The FAO is governed by a biennial conference representing each member country and the European Union, which elects a 49-member executive council. The Director-General, currently Qu Dongyu of China, serves as the chief administrative officer. There are various committees governing matters such as finance, programs, agriculture, and fisheries.
SUATAINABLE DEVELOPEMENT GOAL 2 - “zero hunger”.
- 1 By 2030, end hunger and ensure access by all people, in particular the poor and people in vulnerable situations, including infants, to safe, nutritious and sufficient food all year round.
- 2 By 2030, end all forms of malnutrition, including achieving, by 2025, the internationally agreed targets on stunting and wasting in children under 5 years of age, and address the nutritional needs of adolescent girls, pregnant and lactating women and older persons.
- 3 By 2030, double the agricultural productivity and incomes of small-scale food producers, in particular women, indigenous peoples, family farmers, pastoralists and fishers, including through secure and equal access to land, other productive resources and inputs, knowledge, financial services, markets and opportunities for value addition and non-farm employment.
- 4 By 2030, ensure sustainable food production systems and implement resilient agricultural practices that increase productivity and production, that help maintain ecosystems, that strengthen capacity for adaptation to climate change, extreme weather, drought, flooding and other disasters and that progressively improve land and soil quality.
- 5 By 2020, maintain the genetic diversity of seeds, cultivated plants and farmed and domesticated animals and their related wild species, including through soundly managed and diversified seed and plant banks at the national, regional and international levels, and promote access to and fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from the utilization of genetic resources and associated traditional knowledge, as internationally agreed.
- A Increase investment, including through enhanced international cooperation, in rural infrastructure, agricultural research and extension services, technology development and plant and livestock gene banks in order to enhance agricultural productive capacity in developing countries, in particular least developed countries.
- B Correct and prevent trade restrictions and distortions in world agricultural markets, including through the parallel elimination of all forms of agricultural export subsidies and all export measures with equivalent effect, in accordance with the mandate of the Doha Development Round.
- C Adopt measures to ensure the proper functioning of food commodity markets and their derivatives and facilitate timely access to market information, including on food reserves, in order to help limit extreme food price volatility.
What is the GLOBAL HUNGER INDEX?
The Global Hunger Index (GHI) is a tool designed to measure and track hunger at global, regional, and national levels.
Each year, GHI scores are calculated to track progress and setbacks in fighting hunger. The GHI is designed to raise awareness and understanding of the struggle against hunger. It provides a way to compare levels of hunger between countries and regions. It calls attention to areas of the world where hunger levels are highest and where additional efforts are needed to eliminate hunger.
The FAO food price index.
The FAO Food Price Index (FFPI) is a measure of the monthly change in international prices of a basket of food commodities. Monitoring of food prices is provided by publicly available sources including food price index (FAO-FPI): monitoring prices monthly, with trends analysed biannually by the Food Outlook publication; reporting on food import bills is provided quarterly by the Crop Prospects and Food Situation publication, and quarterly WFP Global Market Monitor: reporting on price trends of staple commodities in approximately 70 countries and monthly country-specific market bulletins.
The GIEWS Food Price Monitoring and Analysis (FPMA) provides an analysis of domestic price trends of basic foods at global level and latest food market policy developments as well as early warnings on exceptionally high food prices at the country level that may negatively affect food security.
Target year of SDG GOAL-2
Two years of the COVID-19 pandemic have already taken a considerable toll on global food systems – and the ability of the world to feed its 7.9 billion people.
Ending hunger is the second of the UN’s 17 Sustainable Development Goals to achieve by 2030.
In the 2021 State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World report – a collaboration between five UN agencies – the authors recognize that achieving this goal has become more challenging.
Between 720 million and 811 million people in the world faced hunger in 2020, around one in 10, according to UN estimates – and roughly 70 million to 161 million more people faced hunger in 2020 than in 2019.
