BORDER DISPUTES

Question 1

What are the regions of territorial disputes between India and China?

Answer 1

The first of the territories, Aksai Chin, is administered by China as part of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and Tibet Autonomous Region and claimed by India as part of the union territory of Ladakh

the second region is disputed territory is south of the McMahon Line, formerly known as the North-East Frontier Agency and now called Arunachal Pradesh. The McMahon Line was part of the 1914 Simla Convention signed between British India and Tibet, without China’s agreement.[2] China disowns the agreement, stating that Tibet was never independent when it signed the Simla Convention.

Question 2

In which year India accepted ‘One China Policy’?

Answer 2

1949.

Question 3

Timeline of the first boundary disputes between the two nations.

Answer 3

1947-1962
In 1960, based on an agreement between Nehru and Zhou Enlai, officials from India and China held discussions in order to settle the boundary dispute.

Question 4

what were the Nathu La and Cho La clashes of 1967?

Answer 4

The Nathu La and Cho La clashes were a series of military clashes in 1967, between India and China alongside the border of the Himalayan Kingdom of Sikkim, then an Indian protectorate.[39][40]

The Nathu La clashes started on 11 September 1967, when the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) launched an attack on Indian posts at Nathu La, and lasted till 15 September 1967. In October 1967, another military duel took place at Cho La and ended on the same day.

Question 5

what was the 1987 sino indian skirmish?

Answer 5

The 1987 Sino-Indian skirmish was the third military conflict between the Chinese People’s Liberation Army Ground Force and Indian Army that occurred at the Sumdorong Chu Valley, with the previous one taking place 20 years earlier.

Question 6

2017 DOKLAM military faceoff.

Answer 6

In June, a military standoff occurred between India and China in the disputed territory of Doklam, near the Doka La pass. On 16 June 2017, the Chinese brought heavy road building equipment to the Doklam region and began constructing a road in the disputed area.

China had built a dirt road terminating at Doka La where Indian troops were stationed. They would conduct foot patrol from this point up till the Royal Bhutanese Army (RBA) post at Jampheri Ridge. The dispute that ensued post 16 June stemmed from the fact that the Chinese had begun building a road below Doka La, in what India and Bhutan claim to be disputed territory. This resulted in Indian intervention of China’s road construction on 18 June, two days after construction began. Bhutan claims that the Chinese have violated the written agreements between the two countries that were drawn up in 1988 and 1998 after extensive rounds of talks.

Question 7

2020-2022 skirmishes happened in which region?

Answer 7

In June 2020, Indian and Chinese troops engaged in a brawl in the Galwan River valley which reportedly led to the deaths of 20 Indian soldiers. International media claimed 40+ Chinese soldiers had been killed, but this number has not been confirmed by Chinese authorities.

Question 8

How many boundary discussions were held between India and china after the 1960 visit of zhou enlai to India?

Answer 8

Three talks were held:
15 June-6 July 1960; 15 August-24 September 1960; and 7 November-12 December 1960. These discussions produced the ‘Report of the Officials on the boundary question’.

Question 9

significance of the talks of 1960?

Answer 9

the talks covered both the micro and macro issues of dispute.
At a local level, localised disputes and related events such as de-engagement and de-escalation are tackled. Wider overarching issues include discussion related to a package settlement versus sector-wise. clarification of the LAC and border and accordingly the exchange of maps, and delinking or linking the boundary dispute to other bilateral ties.

Question 10

What was the Package proposal of 1960?

Answer 10

China made the so-called “package” offer in 1960, which again came to the table in 1980–85. In this, China “offered to hold 26% of the disputed land”.

Question 11

First round of talks between India and China ?

Answer 11

In 1981.

Question 12

First bilateral agreement on Trade between india and china.

Answer 12

1991- memorandum on the resumption of border trade
1992-protocol on entry and exit procedures for border trade
2003-memorandum on expanding border trade.

Question 13

Confidence building measures .

Answer 13

1993: Border Peace and Tranquility Agreement, 1993
1996: Agreement on Military Confidence Building Measures
2005: Protocol for the Implementation of Military Confidence Building Measures

Question 14

Political measures

Answer 14

2003: Declaration on Principles for Relations and Comprehensive Cooperation
2005: Agreement on the Political Parameters and Guiding Principles for the Settlement of the India-China Boundary Question
2012: Agreement on the Establishment of a Working Mechanism for Consultation and Coordination on India-China Border Affairs
2013: Border Defence Cooperation Agreement
2020: 5 point statement.

Question 15

What is BRO? When it was established? Under which ministry it works? Where are the headquarters?

Answer 15

BRO is Border Roads Organization. It was formed on 7 may 1960. Works under the ministrt of defence. It is based in Seema Sadak Bhawan, New Delhi.

Question 16

In what regions does the BRO serves?

Answer 16

India, Bhutan, Nepal, Myanmar, Afghanistan, Tajikistan.

Question 17

Budget of BRO for 2022-2023?

Answer 17

80,000.08 crores or 10 billion USD

Question 18

Director General of BRO.

Answer 18

Lt. General Rajeev Chaudhary.

Question 19

How much money is spent on the border roads in past 5 years?

Answer 19

15,477 crores.

Question 20

when the 16th corps commander talks were held ?

Answer 20

India and China are scheduled to hold the 16th round of Corps Commander talks on July 17,2022 on the Chinese side at Moldo as part of efforts to take forward the stalled process of disengagement and de-escalation in eastern Ladakh.

Question 21

objective of 16th corps commander talks.

Answer 21

objective of discussing disengagement from friction points along the Line of Actual Control (LAC) in Eastern Ladakh.
the 15th meet talks were held on march 11 this year, During the meeting, the two sides had carried forward their discussions from the previous round held on January 12 this year for the resolution of the relevant issues along the LAC in the Western Sector.

Question 22

who represented India in 16th commander talks?

Answer 22

India was represented by Fire and Fury Corps Commander Lt Gen A Sengupta in the talks.

Question 23

when did the corps commander talks started?

Answer 23

STARTED itself from May 2020 since the standoff at ladakh.

Question 24

other areas of focus of 16th corps talks.

Answer 24

disengagement from DEMCHOK AND DEPSANG, STICKING POINTS in the last few meetings.

Question 25

how many patrolling points in Ladakh along the LAC?

Answer 25

65.

Question 26

Depsang plains.

Answer 26

a disputed area with two major standoffs between India and China forces in 2013 and 2015. IT has importance due to its geographical location. A sandwiched region from siachen glacier from one side and chinese controlled Aksai chin from the other.

Question 27

Demchok region.

Answer 27

administered as part of the NYOMA tehsil in the Leh district oh Ladakh by India, and claimed by china as part of the Tibet autonomous region.

Question 28

KARAKORAM PASS.

Answer 28

one of the highest ancient trade routes 5540 metres above sea level.
strategically important pass connecting the Tarim basin(China) with Ladakh.
Karakoram Pass straddles the boundary between India and China and is located about 100 kilometers west of the China-Pakistan-India tripoint. It also borders the Siachen Glacier to the east, with the glacial region claimed by both India and Pakistan. The dispute over the Siachen Glacier arose from the 1972 Shimla Agreement, which did not specify the last portion of the Line of Control on the Pakistan-China border. The 1963 Sino-Pakistan Agreement established the tripoint at the pass, but India was not a party to the treaty.

Question 29

Result of the military and diplomatic talks of last year.

Answer 29

The two sides completed the disengagement process last year on the north and south banks of the Pangong lake and in the Gogra area