Important Environmental Conventions Flashcards
First conference- UN Conference on the Human Environment (1972)
UN Conference on the Human Environment (1972)
Economic and Social Council resolution 1346 (XLV) of 30 July 1968 recommended the General Assembly consider convening a UN conference on problems of the human environment.
Conference convened by General Assembly resolution 2398 (XXIII) of 3 December 1968
Held in Stockholm, 5-16 June 1972
Led to the establishment of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)
more info about UNEP-
The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) is responsible for coordinating responses to environmental issues within the United Nations system.
It was established by Maurice Strong.
Formation-5 June 1972
Headquarters Nairobi, Kenya
it currently has 193 members
this year’s UN aimed theme
2021 – International Year of Fruits and Vegetables
World Commission on Environment and Development-Brundtland commission
The Brundtland Commission, formerly the World Commission on Environment and Development, was a sub-organization of the United Nations (UN) that aimed to unite countries in pursuit of sustainable development.
It was founded in 1983 when Javier Pérez de Cuéllar, the Secretary-General of the United Nations, appointed Gro Harlem Brundtland, former Prime Minister of Norway, as chairperson of the commission.
The Brundtland Commission officially dissolved in 1987 after releasing Our Common Future, also known as the Brundtland Report.
The commission is credited to coin the term “SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT “.
United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (1992)- RIO CONFERENCE
Held in Rio de Janeiro, 3-14 June 1992
Known at the time as the Earth Summit
Later came to be called the Rio Conference
Led to the establishment of the Commission on Sustainable Development.
MAJOR DEVELOPMENTS-
$ Rio Declaration on Environment and Development, a series of principles defining the rights and responsibilities of States
$ Agenda 21, a global plan of action to promote sustainable development
$ Statement of Forest Principles, a set of principles to underpin the sustainable management of forests worldwide
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change(UNFCCC)
The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) established an international environmental treaty to combat “dangerous human interference with the climate system”, in part by stabilizing greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere.
It was signed by 154 states at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), informally known as the Earth Summit, held in Rio de Janeiro from 3 to 14 June 1992.
It established a Secretariat headquartered in Bonn, Germany, and entered into force on 21 March 1994.
Parties 198
Depositary Secretary-General of the United Nations
Its supreme decision-making body, the Conference of the Parties (COP), meets annually to assess progress in dealing with climate change.
UN Framework Convention on Climate Change: COP21
UN Framework Convention on Climate Change: 21st Conference of Parties (COP21) (2015)
Location -Paris
30 November - 12 December 2015
Also known as the Paris Climate Change Conference
The Paris Agreement was adopted on 12 December 2015
At the 2015 UN Climate Change Conference in Paris the then-196 parties agreed to aim to limit global warming to less than 2 °C, and try to limit the increase to 1.5 °C
COP26
The 2021 United Nations Climate Change Conference, more commonly referred to as COP26, was the 26th United Nations Climate Change conference, held at the SEC Centre in Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom, from 31 October to 13 November 2021.
The president of the conference was UK cabinet minister Alok Sharma.
The result of COP26 was the Glasgow Climate Pact, negotiated through consensus of the representatives of the 197 attending parties.
MONTREAL PROTOCOL
The result of COP26 was the Glasgow Climate Pact, negotiated through consensus of the representatives of the 197 attending parties.
Signed 16 September 1987
It has undergone 9 amendments, last being KIGALI amendment(2016)
Signatories-46
Ratifiers -197 (all United Nations members, as well as Niue, the Cook Islands, the Holy See and the European Union)
Depositary-Secretary-General of the United Nations
The two ozone treaties have been ratified by 197 parties (196 states and the European Union), making them the first universally ratified treaties in United Nations history.
KYOTO PROTOCOL
The Kyoto Protocol was an international treaty which extended the 1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) that commits state parties to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, based on the scientific consensus that (part one) global warming is occurring and (part two) that human-made CO2 emissions are driving it.
Signed 11 December 1997
Location Kyoto, Japan
Effective 16 February 2005
Parties-192 (the European Union, Cook Islands, Niue, and all UN member states except Andorra, Canada, South Sudan, and the United States as of 2020)
PARIS AGREEMENTS
The Paris Agreement (French: Accord de Paris), often referred to as the Paris Accords or the Paris Climate Accords, is an international treaty on climate change, adopted in 2015. It covers climate change mitigation, adaptation, and finance.
The Agreement was negotiated by 196 parties at the 2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference near Paris, France.
Parties 193
