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Immunology and Microbiology > Mycoplasma and More > Flashcards

Mycoplasma and More Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Mycoplasma characterisitcs

A

can grow in cell free media
contains RNA and DNA
cell wall deficient (lacks a rigid cell wall)
requires sterols for growth

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2
Q

M. pneumoniae causes

A

tracheobronchitis
pneumonia limited to respiratory mucousa
mild hemolytic anemia

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3
Q

M. pneumoniae treatment

A

erythromycin, tetracycline or quinolones

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4
Q

M. Hominis causes

A

painful urination, unusual discharge and painful intercourse

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5
Q

M. Hominis treatment

A

erythromycin and zithromax

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6
Q

M. Genitalium causes

A

nongonococcal urethritis (NGU)
pelvic inflammatory disease PUD
cervicitis

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7
Q

M. Genitalium treatment

A

azithromycin

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8
Q

Ureaplasma urealyticum causes

A

nongonococcal urethritis, prostatitis, UTI, penile discharge
infertility, chorioamnionitis, stillburth, premature birth
pneumonia and meningitis

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9
Q

Ureaplasma urealyticum treatment

A

doxycycline

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10
Q

How to identify species of Mycoplasma?

A

cyctochek test kit identifies species
microarray based

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11
Q

Chalmydiae characteristics

A

obligate intracellular parasites
aerobic, nonmotile, rod/coccoid
forms elementary bodies

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12
Q

Chlamydiae cell wall characteristics

A

LPS layer, NO peptidoglycan
resembles gram negative but difficult to stain

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13
Q

Chlamydiae typically causes

A

genital, ocular, and respiratory infections
trachoma infections of the eyes

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14
Q

elementary bodies

A

chalmydiae
small extracellular infectious particles that resemble spores
cannot grow or divide

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15
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis causes

A

LGV (lymphogranuloma), STIs, pelvic inflammatory diseases, ectopic pregnancy
Bubos like Y. pestis

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16
Q

C. pneumoniae causes

A

pneumonia, bronchitis, pharyngitis

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17
Q

Natural host of C. pneumoniae

A

humas

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18
Q

C. psittaci causes

A

pulmonary infections (psittacosis)

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19
Q

C. psittaci natural host

A

birds, lower mammals

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20
Q

Diagnosis method for Chlamydia

A

Nucleic acid amplification tests (NAAT)
PCR

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21
Q

NAAT is most commonly used to screen for

A

C. trachomatis

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22
Q

treatment for C. trachomatis

A

azithromycin
multiple doses of doxycycline
erythromycin for pregnant women (that can’t take doxy)

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23
Q

Rckettsiae characteristics

A

obligate intracellular parasites
arthropod borne
zoonoses

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24
Q

Rickettsiae rickettsiae

A

Rocky Mountain spotted fever
causative agents vascular endothelial cells lead to vascular damage

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25
Q

Coxiella burnetii (Rickettsiae)

A

Q fever - manifests as pneumonia
human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis
cattle, sheep, goats, livestock and cats

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26
Q

Mycology

A

diverse heterogenous group of eukaryotes

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27
Q

superficial mycoses

A

common fungal infections limited to the skin and skin structures
ringworm, tineas

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28
Q

Superficial mycoses treatment

A

miconazole, nystatin and griseofulvin (topicals)

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29
Q

subcutaneous mycoses

A

group of fungal diseases that involve lymphatics, dermis, subcutaneous tissues and muscles
fungi implanted in the skin

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30
Q

subcutaneous mycoses causes

A

chromoblastomycosis, maduromycosis, sporotrichosis

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31
Q

opportunistic mycoses

A

not true pathogens
only in immunosuppressed patients

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32
Q

systemic mycoses

A

originate in the lungs
phagocytosis by macrophages, spread to many organs
can be fatal

33
Q

systemic mycoses treatment

A

flucytosine and amphotericin b

34
Q

many fungi have what that inactive drugs

A

a detoxification system

35
Q

histoplasma capsulatum

A

histoplasmosis
mold that transforms into a yeast after being inhaled

36
Q

histoplasma capsulatum treatment

A

amphotericin B

37
Q

Blastomyces dermatitidis

A

Blastomycosis
mold that transforms into a yeast after being inhaled

38
Q

Blastomyces dermatitis treatment

A

amphotericin B

39
Q

Coccidiodes immitis

A

coccidiodomycosis
systemic
mold converts to a large endospore containing spherule in the body

40
Q

Coccidiodes immitis causes

A

wide spectrum of pulmonary disease, skin and osteoarticular lesions, abscesses and meningitis

41
Q

Coccidiodes immitis treatment

A

amphotericin b, itraconazole, fluconazole

42
Q

candida albicans

A

opportunist, normal human flora
mucous membranes and skin affected
candidasis

43
Q

candida albicans causes

A

candidiasis (thrush, vaginitis and diaper rash)
vulvovaginal candidiasis (yeast infection)

44
Q

Cryptococcus neoformans

A

encapsulated environmental yeast via inhalation
systemic
cryptococcosis

45
Q

cryptococcus neoformans causes

A

chronic lymphocytic meningitis

46
Q

cryptococcus neoformas treatment

A

amphotericin B plus flucytosine and fluconazole

47
Q

Aspergillus flavus/fumigatus

A

opportunist environmental mold
not normal human flora
in immunocompromised
mycotoxin that causes cancer

48
Q

amebas

A

formless cells that move purposefully by extending pseudopods toward an attractive stimulus

49
Q

Flagellates

A

intestinal and blood protozoa that is one or more flagella for locomotion
arthropod borne

50
Q

ciliates

A

protozoa covered with tiny cilia that provide locomotion
extremely unusual

51
Q

Apicomplexans (sporozoa)

A

important pathogens that include the agents of malaria, toxoplasmosis and other intestinal parasites
intracellular replication, gliding motility

52
Q

Entamoeba histolytica causes

A

Amebic dysentery (presence of erythrocytes)
from contaminated water

53
Q

Amebic dysentery

A

Destroys the epithelial lining of the large intestine; liver, lung, brain abscesses

54
Q

Entamoeba histolytia treatment

A

metronidazole, tinidazole, paromomycin and iodoquinol

55
Q

Cryptosporidium parvum

A

Cryptosporidiosis - causes diarrhea
found in the intestines of many birds and mammals

56
Q

Cryptosporidium parvum ingestion

A

existence in the small intestine –> released sporozoites parasitize intestinal epithelial cells

57
Q

diagnosis of Cryptosporidium parvum

A

microscoping, immunologic tests

58
Q

treatment of Cryptosporidium parvum

A

nitazoxanide

59
Q

naegleria and acanthamoeba

A

Freshwater amoeba
facultative parasites that cause primary amebic meningoencephalitis and keratitis

60
Q

Keratitis mainly effects

A

soft contact lens wearers

61
Q

Giardiasis-Giardia Lamblia

A

most common cause of waterborne epidemic diarrheal disease

62
Q

transmission of Giardiasis-Giardia Lamblia

A

cyst contaminated water supplies
(avoid contaminated water)

63
Q

treatment for Giardiasis-Giardia Lamblia

A

metronidazole

64
Q

Malaria

A

plasmodium species
transmitted by a bite of an infected female mosquito
reproduces in the liver and also penetrates erythrocytes

65
Q

anemia can result from malaria and result in what?

A

splenomegaly and hepatomegaly

66
Q

what is very toxic in malaria and what does it trigger

A

TNF-alpha and interleukin-1
triggers chills and fevers

67
Q

treatment for malaria

A

chloroquine, doxycycline, malarone, mefloquine, proguanil

68
Q

Hemoflagellate diseases

A

caused by flagellated protozoa that infect blood

69
Q

Leishmania donovanni

A

Leishmaniasis
Transmitted by sandflies from canines and rodents; can be mucocutaneous, cutaneous, or visceral;

70
Q

Treatment for Leishmania donovanni

A

pentavalent antimonial compounds

71
Q

Toxoplasma gondii

A

toxoplasmosis
fecal-oral transmission from infected animals
ingestion of undercooked meat, blood transfusion, etc.

72
Q

toxoplasmosis is characterized by

A

lymphadenopathy

73
Q

diagnosis of toxoplasmosis

A

serological tests

74
Q

treatment of toxoplasmosis

A

pyrimethamine, sulfadiazine

75
Q

T. brucei

A

African sleeping sickness by tsetse flies
causes interstitial inflammation and necrosis of the lymph nodes, brain, and heart

76
Q

T. cruzi

A

Chagas disease
transmitted when a bite of tiatomid bug is contaminated with insect feces

77
Q

T. Cruzi treatment

A

suramine, pentamidine, melarsoprol, eflornithine, nifurtimox

78
Q

diagnosis of T. Cruzi

A

microscopic examination of blood and b y serological tests

Immunology and Microbiology (22 decks)

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