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Immunology and Microbiology > Mycoplasma and More > Flashcards

Mycoplasma and More Flashcards

1
Q

Mycoplasma characterisitcs

A

can grow in cell free media
contains RNA and DNA
cell wall deficient (lacks a rigid cell wall)
requires sterols for growth

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2
Q

M. pneumoniae causes

A

tracheobronchitis
pneumonia limited to respiratory mucousa
mild hemolytic anemia

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3
Q

M. pneumoniae treatment

A

erythromycin, tetracycline or quinolones

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4
Q

M. Hominis causes

A

painful urination, unusual discharge and painful intercourse

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5
Q

M. Hominis treatment

A

erythromycin and zithromax

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6
Q

M. Genitalium causes

A

nongonococcal urethritis (NGU)
pelvic inflammatory disease PUD
cervicitis

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7
Q

M. Genitalium treatment

A

azithromycin

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8
Q

Ureaplasma urealyticum causes

A

nongonococcal urethritis, prostatitis, UTI, penile discharge
infertility, chorioamnionitis, stillburth, premature birth
pneumonia and meningitis

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9
Q

Ureaplasma urealyticum treatment

A

doxycycline

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10
Q

How to identify species of Mycoplasma?

A

cyctochek test kit identifies species
microarray based

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11
Q

Chalmydiae characteristics

A

obligate intracellular parasites
aerobic, nonmotile, rod/coccoid
forms elementary bodies

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12
Q

Chlamydiae cell wall characteristics

A

LPS layer, NO peptidoglycan
resembles gram negative but difficult to stain

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13
Q

Chlamydiae typically causes

A

genital, ocular, and respiratory infections
trachoma infections of the eyes

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14
Q

elementary bodies

A

chalmydiae
small extracellular infectious particles that resemble spores
cannot grow or divide

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15
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis causes

A

LGV (lymphogranuloma), STIs, pelvic inflammatory diseases, ectopic pregnancy
Bubos like Y. pestis

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16
Q

C. pneumoniae causes

A

pneumonia, bronchitis, pharyngitis

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17
Q

Natural host of C. pneumoniae

A

humas

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18
Q

C. psittaci causes

A

pulmonary infections (psittacosis)

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19
Q

C. psittaci natural host

A

birds, lower mammals

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20
Q

Diagnosis method for Chlamydia

A

Nucleic acid amplification tests (NAAT)
PCR

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21
Q

NAAT is most commonly used to screen for

A

C. trachomatis

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22
Q

treatment for C. trachomatis

A

azithromycin
multiple doses of doxycycline
erythromycin for pregnant women (that can’t take doxy)

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23
Q

Rckettsiae characteristics

A

obligate intracellular parasites
arthropod borne
zoonoses

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24
Q

Rickettsiae rickettsiae

A

Rocky Mountain spotted fever
causative agents vascular endothelial cells lead to vascular damage

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25
Coxiella burnetii (Rickettsiae)
Q fever - manifests as pneumonia human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis cattle, sheep, goats, livestock and cats
26
Mycology
diverse heterogenous group of eukaryotes
27
superficial mycoses
common fungal infections limited to the skin and skin structures ringworm, tineas
28
Superficial mycoses treatment
miconazole, nystatin and griseofulvin (topicals)
29
subcutaneous mycoses
group of fungal diseases that involve lymphatics, dermis, subcutaneous tissues and muscles fungi implanted in the skin
30
subcutaneous mycoses causes
chromoblastomycosis, maduromycosis, sporotrichosis
31
opportunistic mycoses
not true pathogens only in immunosuppressed patients
32
systemic mycoses
originate in the lungs phagocytosis by macrophages, spread to many organs can be fatal
33
systemic mycoses treatment
flucytosine and amphotericin b
34
many fungi have what that inactive drugs
a detoxification system
35
histoplasma capsulatum
histoplasmosis mold that transforms into a yeast after being inhaled
36
histoplasma capsulatum treatment
amphotericin B
37
Blastomyces dermatitidis
Blastomycosis mold that transforms into a yeast after being inhaled
38
Blastomyces dermatitis treatment
amphotericin B
39
Coccidiodes immitis
coccidiodomycosis systemic mold converts to a large endospore containing spherule in the body
40
Coccidiodes immitis causes
wide spectrum of pulmonary disease, skin and osteoarticular lesions, abscesses and meningitis
41
Coccidiodes immitis treatment
amphotericin b, itraconazole, fluconazole
42
candida albicans
opportunist, normal human flora mucous membranes and skin affected candidasis
43
candida albicans causes
candidiasis (thrush, vaginitis and diaper rash) vulvovaginal candidiasis (yeast infection)
44
Cryptococcus neoformans
encapsulated environmental yeast via inhalation systemic cryptococcosis
45
cryptococcus neoformans causes
chronic lymphocytic meningitis
46
cryptococcus neoformas treatment
amphotericin B plus flucytosine and fluconazole
47
Aspergillus flavus/fumigatus
opportunist environmental mold not normal human flora in immunocompromised mycotoxin that causes cancer
48
amebas
formless cells that move purposefully by extending pseudopods toward an attractive stimulus
49
Flagellates
intestinal and blood protozoa that is one or more flagella for locomotion arthropod borne
50
ciliates
protozoa covered with tiny cilia that provide locomotion extremely unusual
51
Apicomplexans (sporozoa)
important pathogens that include the agents of malaria, toxoplasmosis and other intestinal parasites intracellular replication, gliding motility
52
Entamoeba histolytica causes
Amebic dysentery (presence of erythrocytes) from contaminated water
53
Amebic dysentery
Destroys the epithelial lining of the large intestine; liver, lung, brain abscesses
54
Entamoeba histolytia treatment
metronidazole, tinidazole, paromomycin and iodoquinol
55
Cryptosporidium parvum
Cryptosporidiosis - causes diarrhea found in the intestines of many birds and mammals
56
Cryptosporidium parvum ingestion
existence in the small intestine --> released sporozoites parasitize intestinal epithelial cells
57
diagnosis of Cryptosporidium parvum
microscoping, immunologic tests
58
treatment of Cryptosporidium parvum
nitazoxanide
59
naegleria and acanthamoeba
Freshwater amoeba facultative parasites that cause primary amebic meningoencephalitis and keratitis
60
Keratitis mainly effects
soft contact lens wearers
61
Giardiasis-Giardia Lamblia
most common cause of waterborne epidemic diarrheal disease
62
transmission of Giardiasis-Giardia Lamblia
cyst contaminated water supplies (avoid contaminated water)
63
treatment for Giardiasis-Giardia Lamblia
metronidazole
64
Malaria
plasmodium species transmitted by a bite of an infected female mosquito reproduces in the liver and also penetrates erythrocytes
65
anemia can result from malaria and result in what?
splenomegaly and hepatomegaly
66
what is very toxic in malaria and what does it trigger
TNF-alpha and interleukin-1 triggers chills and fevers
67
treatment for malaria
chloroquine, doxycycline, malarone, mefloquine, proguanil
68
Hemoflagellate diseases
caused by flagellated protozoa that infect blood
69
Leishmania donovanni
Leishmaniasis Transmitted by sandflies from canines and rodents; can be mucocutaneous, cutaneous, or visceral;
70
Treatment for Leishmania donovanni
pentavalent antimonial compounds
71
Toxoplasma gondii
toxoplasmosis fecal-oral transmission from infected animals ingestion of undercooked meat, blood transfusion, etc.
72
toxoplasmosis is characterized by
lymphadenopathy
73
diagnosis of toxoplasmosis
serological tests
74
treatment of toxoplasmosis
pyrimethamine, sulfadiazine
75
T. brucei
African sleeping sickness by tsetse flies causes interstitial inflammation and necrosis of the lymph nodes, brain, and heart
76
T. cruzi
Chagas disease transmitted when a bite of tiatomid bug is contaminated with insect feces
77
T. Cruzi treatment
suramine, pentamidine, melarsoprol, eflornithine, nifurtimox
78
diagnosis of T. Cruzi
microscopic examination of blood and b y serological tests

Immunology and Microbiology (22 decks)

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