Host Parasite Relationships Flashcards
a disease causing organism
pathogen
the degree of pathogenicity of a microorganism
virulence
a microorganism that does not ordinary cause a disease but can under certain circumstances
opportunist
a state where people harbor pathogens and transmit them to others without any signs of illness
carrier state
internal organs are considered
sterile sites
the pathological state resulting from invasion of the body by pathogenic microorganisms
infection
a disorder of the immune system
immunological disorder
a new growth/neoplasm/cancerous
neoplastic diseases
diseases arising from human error
iatrogenic disease
any diseases from internal dysfunctions of unknown cause
idiopathic disease
reservoirs of infection (3)
humans, animals and inanimate objects
direct contact transmission
a method of spreading infection from one host to another through some kind of close association between the hosts
Spread of pathogens by formites
indirect contact transmission
fomite
nonliving object
examples of arthropod vectors (4)
roaches, mites, fleas and lice
insect-arthropod mediated transmission
arthropod vectors
an infection that develops during the course of a hospital stay
nosocomial infection
incubation period
period between infection and appearance of symptoms
communicable disease
any disease that can spread from one host to another
a disease in which pathogens invade a susceptible host and complete at least part of their life cycle in the host
infectious disease
noncommunicable disease
a disease that is not transmitted from one person to another
contagious disease
a disease that is easily spread from one person to another
a disease in which symptoms develop rapidly but only last for a short time
acute disease
an illness that develops slowly and can continue for long periods
chronic disease
a disease with symptoms that is intermediate between acute and chronic
subacute disease
sporadic disease
a disease that occurs occasionally in a population
endemic disease
constantly present in a population
epidemic disease
acquired by many hosts in a given are in a short time
pandemic disease
worldwide epidemic
local infection
infection where pathogens are limited to a small area of the body
an infection throughout the entire body
systemic infection
focal infection
began as an infection in one place
an acute infection that causes initial illness
primary infection
infection caused by an opportunist microbe after primary infection
secondary infection
an infection that does not cause a noticeable illness
subclinical (inapparent) infection
the growth of a target pathogen that has developed resistance to an antimicrobial drug being used
superinfection
capsule
layer of slime of variable composition which covers the surface of some bacteria
capsules help resist
phagocytosis
exotoxins are found in
both gram positive and gram negative species
endotoxins are found in
only gram negative species
enterotoxin
exotoxin that causes gastroenteritis
hemolysin
bacterial exotoxins that can lyse erythrocytes
leukocidins
destroys neutrophils and macrophages
produced by staph and strep
hyaluronidase
responsible for tissue blackening in wound infections
the heart in in its shape due to
hyaluronic acid
the shape of the liver is due to
collagen
kinases (phosphokinase)
an enzyme for catalyzing transfer of a phosphate from ATP to a second substrate
M protein
heat and acid resistant protein of strep. cell walls and fibrils
strep virulence factor
acid fast cell wall of Mycobacterium contains a large amount of this; a waxy lipid; why it does not respond to gram stain
mycolic acid
antiserum
serum containing antibodies
antitoxin
specific antibody produced by the body in response to a bacterial exotoxin/toxiod
loss of bp caused by endotoxin of a gram negative cell wall
endotoxic shock
defense against particular pathogenic microorganisms
immunity/ specific resistance
an antiviral protein produced by certain animal cells in response to a viral infection
interferon (IFN)
a group of serum proteins involved in the phagocytosis and lysis of bacteria
complement
sebum
fatty substance secreted from sebaceous glands
a host response to tissue damage characterized by redness, pain, heat and swelling
inflammation
lysozyme
an enzyme capable of lysing bacterial cell walls
sepsis
a toxic condition resulting from the growth/spread of bacteria into blood/tissue
defenses to afford protection against ANY pathogen
nonspecific resistance
pathogenicity
the ability of a microorganism to cause diseases by overcoming defenses of a host
resistance
the ability to ward off diseases through specific/nonspecific defenses
superoxide dismutase (SOD)
an enzyme that destroys superoxide free radicals
chromosomal encoded toxins (3)
pertussis toxin, cholera toxin and shiga toxin
plasmid encoded toxins (hint: both spore formers)
anthrax toxin and tetanus toxin
phage encoded neurotoxins
botulinum toxins and diphtheria toxin
What does Clostridium perfringens cause and with what toxin
gas gangrene, alpha toxin
What does Staplococcus aureus cause with leukocidin toxin
wound and other infections
what does streptococcus pyrogenes cause and with what toxin
pharyngitis and other infections; streptolysin O
What does Staphylococcus aureus cause with staph. enterotoxins
food borne intoxication
what does staphylococcus aureus cause with TSST
Staph. toxic shock syndrome
what does streptococcus progenies cause and with what toxin
strep. toxic shock; strep. pyrogenic exotoxins
what does clostridium botulinum cause and with what toxin
botulism; botulinum toxin
what does clostridium tetani cause and with what toxin
tetanus; tetanospasmin
what does enterotoxigenic E. coli cause and with what toxin
traveler’s diarrhea; heatlabile enterotoxin
what does Vibrio cholera cause and with what toxin
cholera; cholera toxin
what does bacillus anthracis cause and with what toxin
anthrax; edema and lethal factor
what does Bordetella pertussis cause and with what toxin
pertussis; pertussis toxin
what does Corynebacterium diphtheriae cause and with what toxin
diphtheria; diphtheria toxin
what does E. coli O157:H7 cause and with what toxin
bloody diarrhea and hemolytic uremic syndrome; shiga toxin
A-B neurotoxins
botulinum toxin
tetanospasmin
A-B entertoxins
heat liable enterotoxin - traveler’s diarrhea
cholera toxin
A-B cytotoxins
pertussis toxin
diphtheria toxin
shiga toxin (E. coli)
shiga toxin (shigella)
