Host Parasite Relationships Flashcards by Olivia Hofer

a disease causing organism

pathogen

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the degree of pathogenicity of a microorganism

virulence

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a microorganism that does not ordinary cause a disease but can under certain circumstances

opportunist

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a state where people harbor pathogens and transmit them to others without any signs of illness

carrier state

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internal organs are considered

sterile sites

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the pathological state resulting from invasion of the body by pathogenic microorganisms

infection

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a disorder of the immune system

immunological disorder

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a new growth/neoplasm/cancerous

neoplastic diseases

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diseases arising from human error

iatrogenic disease

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any diseases from internal dysfunctions of unknown cause

idiopathic disease

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reservoirs of infection (3)

humans, animals and inanimate objects

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direct contact transmission

a method of spreading infection from one host to another through some kind of close association between the hosts

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Spread of pathogens by formites

indirect contact transmission

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fomite

nonliving object

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examples of arthropod vectors (4)

roaches, mites, fleas and lice

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insect-arthropod mediated transmission

arthropod vectors

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an infection that develops during the course of a hospital stay

nosocomial infection

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incubation period

period between infection and appearance of symptoms

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communicable disease

any disease that can spread from one host to another

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a disease in which pathogens invade a susceptible host and complete at least part of their life cycle in the host

infectious disease

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noncommunicable disease

a disease that is not transmitted from one person to another

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contagious disease

a disease that is easily spread from one person to another

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a disease in which symptoms develop rapidly but only last for a short time

acute disease

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an illness that develops slowly and can continue for long periods

chronic disease

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a disease with symptoms that is intermediate between acute and chronic

subacute disease

sporadic disease

a disease that occurs occasionally in a population

endemic disease

constantly present in a population

epidemic disease

acquired by many hosts in a given are in a short time

pandemic disease

worldwide epidemic

local infection

infection where pathogens are limited to a small area of the body

an infection throughout the entire body

systemic infection

focal infection

began as an infection in one place

an acute infection that causes initial illness

primary infection

infection caused by an opportunist microbe after primary infection

secondary infection

an infection that does not cause a noticeable illness

subclinical (inapparent) infection

the growth of a target pathogen that has developed resistance to an antimicrobial drug being used

superinfection

capsule

layer of slime of variable composition which covers the surface of some bacteria

capsules help resist

phagocytosis

exotoxins are found in

both gram positive and gram negative species

endotoxins are found in

only gram negative species

enterotoxin

exotoxin that causes gastroenteritis

hemolysin

bacterial exotoxins that can lyse erythrocytes

leukocidins

destroys neutrophils and macrophages produced by staph and strep

hyaluronidase

responsible for tissue blackening in wound infections

the heart in in its shape due to

hyaluronic acid

the shape of the liver is due to

collagen

kinases (phosphokinase)

an enzyme for catalyzing transfer of a phosphate from ATP to a second substrate

M protein

heat and acid resistant protein of strep. cell walls and fibrils strep virulence factor

acid fast cell wall of Mycobacterium contains a large amount of this; a waxy lipid; why it does not respond to gram stain

mycolic acid

antiserum

serum containing antibodies

antitoxin

specific antibody produced by the body in response to a bacterial exotoxin/toxiod

loss of bp caused by endotoxin of a gram negative cell wall

endotoxic shock

defense against particular pathogenic microorganisms

immunity/ specific resistance

an antiviral protein produced by certain animal cells in response to a viral infection

interferon (IFN)

a group of serum proteins involved in the phagocytosis and lysis of bacteria

complement

sebum

fatty substance secreted from sebaceous glands

a host response to tissue damage characterized by redness, pain, heat and swelling

inflammation

lysozyme

an enzyme capable of lysing bacterial cell walls

sepsis

a toxic condition resulting from the growth/spread of bacteria into blood/tissue

defenses to afford protection against ANY pathogen

nonspecific resistance

pathogenicity

the ability of a microorganism to cause diseases by overcoming defenses of a host

resistance

the ability to ward off diseases through specific/nonspecific defenses

superoxide dismutase (SOD)

an enzyme that destroys superoxide free radicals

chromosomal encoded toxins (3)

pertussis toxin, cholera toxin and shiga toxin

plasmid encoded toxins (hint: both spore formers)

anthrax toxin and tetanus toxin

phage encoded neurotoxins

botulinum toxins and diphtheria toxin

What does Clostridium perfringens cause and with what toxin

gas gangrene, alpha toxin

What does Staplococcus aureus cause with leukocidin toxin

wound and other infections

what does streptococcus pyrogenes cause and with what toxin

pharyngitis and other infections; streptolysin O

What does Staphylococcus aureus cause with staph. enterotoxins

food borne intoxication

what does staphylococcus aureus cause with TSST

Staph. toxic shock syndrome

what does streptococcus progenies cause and with what toxin

strep. toxic shock; strep. pyrogenic exotoxins

what does clostridium botulinum cause and with what toxin

botulism; botulinum toxin

what does clostridium tetani cause and with what toxin

tetanus; tetanospasmin

what does enterotoxigenic E. coli cause and with what toxin

traveler's diarrhea; heatlabile enterotoxin

what does Vibrio cholera cause and with what toxin

cholera; cholera toxin

what does bacillus anthracis cause and with what toxin

anthrax; edema and lethal factor

what does Bordetella pertussis cause and with what toxin

pertussis; pertussis toxin

what does Corynebacterium diphtheriae cause and with what toxin

diphtheria; diphtheria toxin

what does E. coli O157:H7 cause and with what toxin

bloody diarrhea and hemolytic uremic syndrome; shiga toxin

A-B neurotoxins

botulinum toxin tetanospasmin

A-B entertoxins

heat liable enterotoxin - traveler's diarrhea cholera toxin

A-B cytotoxins

pertussis toxin diphtheria toxin shiga toxin (E. coli) shiga toxin (shigella)