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Immunology and Microbiology > Host Parasite Relationships > Flashcards

Host Parasite Relationships Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

a disease causing organism

A

pathogen

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2
Q

the degree of pathogenicity of a microorganism

A

virulence

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3
Q

a microorganism that does not ordinary cause a disease but can under certain circumstances

A

opportunist

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4
Q

a state where people harbor pathogens and transmit them to others without any signs of illness

A

carrier state

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5
Q

internal organs are considered

A

sterile sites

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6
Q

the pathological state resulting from invasion of the body by pathogenic microorganisms

A

infection

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7
Q

a disorder of the immune system

A

immunological disorder

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8
Q

a new growth/neoplasm/cancerous

A

neoplastic diseases

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9
Q

diseases arising from human error

A

iatrogenic disease

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10
Q

any diseases from internal dysfunctions of unknown cause

A

idiopathic disease

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11
Q

reservoirs of infection (3)

A

humans, animals and inanimate objects

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12
Q

direct contact transmission

A

a method of spreading infection from one host to another through some kind of close association between the hosts

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13
Q

Spread of pathogens by formites

A

indirect contact transmission

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14
Q

fomite

A

nonliving object

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15
Q

examples of arthropod vectors (4)

A

roaches, mites, fleas and lice

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16
Q

insect-arthropod mediated transmission

A

arthropod vectors

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17
Q

an infection that develops during the course of a hospital stay

A

nosocomial infection

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18
Q

incubation period

A

period between infection and appearance of symptoms

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19
Q

communicable disease

A

any disease that can spread from one host to another

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20
Q

a disease in which pathogens invade a susceptible host and complete at least part of their life cycle in the host

A

infectious disease

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21
Q

noncommunicable disease

A

a disease that is not transmitted from one person to another

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22
Q

contagious disease

A

a disease that is easily spread from one person to another

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23
Q

a disease in which symptoms develop rapidly but only last for a short time

A

acute disease

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24
Q

an illness that develops slowly and can continue for long periods

A

chronic disease

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25
Q

a disease with symptoms that is intermediate between acute and chronic

A

subacute disease

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26
Q

sporadic disease

A

a disease that occurs occasionally in a population

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27
Q

endemic disease

A

constantly present in a population

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28
Q

epidemic disease

A

acquired by many hosts in a given are in a short time

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29
Q

pandemic disease

A

worldwide epidemic

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30
Q

local infection

A

infection where pathogens are limited to a small area of the body

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31
Q

an infection throughout the entire body

A

systemic infection

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32
Q

focal infection

A

began as an infection in one place

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33
Q

an acute infection that causes initial illness

A

primary infection

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34
Q

infection caused by an opportunist microbe after primary infection

A

secondary infection

35
Q

an infection that does not cause a noticeable illness

A

subclinical (inapparent) infection

36
Q

the growth of a target pathogen that has developed resistance to an antimicrobial drug being used

A

superinfection

37
Q

capsule

A

layer of slime of variable composition which covers the surface of some bacteria

38
Q

capsules help resist

A

phagocytosis

39
Q

exotoxins are found in

A

both gram positive and gram negative species

40
Q

endotoxins are found in

A

only gram negative species

41
Q

enterotoxin

A

exotoxin that causes gastroenteritis

42
Q

hemolysin

A

bacterial exotoxins that can lyse erythrocytes

43
Q

leukocidins

A

destroys neutrophils and macrophages
produced by staph and strep

44
Q

hyaluronidase

A

responsible for tissue blackening in wound infections

45
Q

the heart in in its shape due to

A

hyaluronic acid

46
Q

the shape of the liver is due to

A

collagen

47
Q

kinases (phosphokinase)

A

an enzyme for catalyzing transfer of a phosphate from ATP to a second substrate

48
Q

M protein

A

heat and acid resistant protein of strep. cell walls and fibrils
strep virulence factor

49
Q

acid fast cell wall of Mycobacterium contains a large amount of this; a waxy lipid; why it does not respond to gram stain

A

mycolic acid

50
Q

antiserum

A

serum containing antibodies

51
Q

antitoxin

A

specific antibody produced by the body in response to a bacterial exotoxin/toxiod

52
Q

loss of bp caused by endotoxin of a gram negative cell wall

A

endotoxic shock

53
Q

defense against particular pathogenic microorganisms

A

immunity/ specific resistance

54
Q

an antiviral protein produced by certain animal cells in response to a viral infection

A

interferon (IFN)

55
Q

a group of serum proteins involved in the phagocytosis and lysis of bacteria

A

complement

56
Q

sebum

A

fatty substance secreted from sebaceous glands

57
Q

a host response to tissue damage characterized by redness, pain, heat and swelling

A

inflammation

58
Q

lysozyme

A

an enzyme capable of lysing bacterial cell walls

59
Q

sepsis

A

a toxic condition resulting from the growth/spread of bacteria into blood/tissue

60
Q

defenses to afford protection against ANY pathogen

A

nonspecific resistance

61
Q

pathogenicity

A

the ability of a microorganism to cause diseases by overcoming defenses of a host

62
Q

resistance

A

the ability to ward off diseases through specific/nonspecific defenses

63
Q

superoxide dismutase (SOD)

A

an enzyme that destroys superoxide free radicals

64
Q

chromosomal encoded toxins (3)

A

pertussis toxin, cholera toxin and shiga toxin

65
Q

plasmid encoded toxins (hint: both spore formers)

A

anthrax toxin and tetanus toxin

66
Q

phage encoded neurotoxins

A

botulinum toxins and diphtheria toxin

67
Q

What does Clostridium perfringens cause and with what toxin

A

gas gangrene, alpha toxin

68
Q

What does Staplococcus aureus cause with leukocidin toxin

A

wound and other infections

69
Q

what does streptococcus pyrogenes cause and with what toxin

A

pharyngitis and other infections; streptolysin O

70
Q

What does Staphylococcus aureus cause with staph. enterotoxins

A

food borne intoxication

71
Q

what does staphylococcus aureus cause with TSST

A

Staph. toxic shock syndrome

72
Q

what does streptococcus progenies cause and with what toxin

A

strep. toxic shock; strep. pyrogenic exotoxins

73
Q

what does clostridium botulinum cause and with what toxin

A

botulism; botulinum toxin

74
Q

what does clostridium tetani cause and with what toxin

A

tetanus; tetanospasmin

75
Q

what does enterotoxigenic E. coli cause and with what toxin

A

traveler’s diarrhea; heatlabile enterotoxin

76
Q

what does Vibrio cholera cause and with what toxin

A

cholera; cholera toxin

77
Q

what does bacillus anthracis cause and with what toxin

A

anthrax; edema and lethal factor

78
Q

what does Bordetella pertussis cause and with what toxin

A

pertussis; pertussis toxin

79
Q

what does Corynebacterium diphtheriae cause and with what toxin

A

diphtheria; diphtheria toxin

80
Q

what does E. coli O157:H7 cause and with what toxin

A

bloody diarrhea and hemolytic uremic syndrome; shiga toxin

81
Q

A-B neurotoxins

A

botulinum toxin
tetanospasmin

82
Q

A-B entertoxins

A

heat liable enterotoxin - traveler’s diarrhea
cholera toxin

83
Q

A-B cytotoxins

A

pertussis toxin
diphtheria toxin
shiga toxin (E. coli)
shiga toxin (shigella)

Immunology and Microbiology (8 decks)

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