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HPV (Exam 2) Flashcards

1
Q

Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) causes

A

warts

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2
Q

How many types of HPV cause genital HPV?

A

30 out of 150 types

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3
Q

How is HPV spread

A

sexual contact
mother to fetus

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4
Q

how long after contact do genital warts appear?

A

6 weeks to 8 months

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5
Q

Three main regions of HPV

A

early
late
long control

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6
Q

early region

A

encodes the transformation and immortalization potential

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7
Q

Late region

A

two capsid genes

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8
Q

long control region

A

contains all the cis-regulatory elements

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9
Q

HPV is the most

A

common sexually transmitted diseases worldwide

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10
Q

2 subcategories of HPV

A

genital warts
cervical dysplasia

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11
Q

the papillomaviruses are part of the

A

papovaviridae family of DNA tumor viruses

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12
Q

In 1942

A

the Pap smear was invented

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13
Q

in 1951

A

HeLa cell line with HPV

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14
Q

in 1975

A

Zur Hausen hypothesizes HPV causes cervical cancer

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15
Q

in 1982

A

first HPVs cloned

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16
Q

in 1989

A

E7 binds RB

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17
Q

in 1990

A

E6 binds p53

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18
Q

in 1995

A

FDA approves the first diagnostic test

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19
Q

in 2006,

A

FDA approves vaccine for HPV

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20
Q

Papilloma virus genome is

A

circular covalently close dsDNA about 8 kbp
55 nm in diameter

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21
Q

HPV has extreme specificity for

A

infection of epithelial cells

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22
Q

HPV infection normally results in

A

hyper proliferation of the host cell
may lead to transformation and immortalization (cancer)

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23
Q

HPV is the commonest cancer in

A

Sub-Saharan Africa and parts of South America

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24
Q

genital warts

A

soft, moist or flesh colored in genital area
condylomata acuminata

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25
where do genital warts appear in women and men?
women: vulva, cervix, vagina, anus men: scrotum, penis
26
life cycle of HPV
infection of the host cell --> DNA released in nucleus --> numerous cellular transcription factors interact with non-coding viral regulatory region (LCR) --> transcription of 2 hpv-16 transforming early genes (E6 and E7)
27
p53 and RB are
tumor suppressor proteins
28
Which main HPV types cause papillary condylomas
6 and 11
29
Which main types of HPV are considered high risk and have been found in cervical and other lower genital tract cancers
16, 18, 31 and 33
30
HPV 16 and 18
cause the most cases of cervical cancer
31
HPV types are very
similar in homology (DNA relatedness)
32
cytology (Pap smear)
cells under a microscope has great specificity but sensitivity is only 51%
33
pap testing has
decreased the incidence and mortality of cervical cancer
34
for adolescents under 21,
do not screen cervical cancer is rare
35
for young women 21 to 29 years old
screen every 3 years prevalence is 50%, cancer rates are low
36
for women 30-65 years old,
screen with cytology every 3 years or screen every 5 years with hrHPV contesting cancer prevalence increases to 24/100,000 after age 30
37
for women over 65 years old,
do not screen transformation zone is smaller with less exposure to HPV
38
what age should cervical cancer screening start?
25 years old
39
people between ages 25 and 65
should get a primary HPV test done every 5 years or a Pap test every 3 years
40
hologic diagnostic
detects 14 high risk HPV amplify target, shuffle through DNA and RNA
41
roche diagnostic
multiplex real time PCR detects 14 high risk Taq man probes
42
HPV treatment for warts
podofilox gel imiquimod cream chemical treatments cryotherapy laser therapy electrosurgery surgery interferon
43
cure for HPV
NO CURE :( you carry the virus for life
44
How does HPV cause cancer
it integrates into the host genome and produces E6 and E7 proteins --> malignant transformation occurs
45
E6 and E7 proteins
E6 binds and degrades p53 E7 binds and degrades retinoblastoma
46
Gardasil
target HPV types 16 and 18 (cancer) targets HPV types 6 and 11 (warts)
47
how many doses of the HPV vaccine are required and at what time intervals?
3 doses T- 0 T - 1 month T - 6 months
48
early vaccination of HPV is
more effective than later vaccination
49
are patients protected when they get the vaccine and have already had an abnormal pap?
NO!!! (sorry)
50
Merck vaccine
HR-HPV 16 and 18 (70% cervical cancers) LR-HPV 6 and 11 (90% warts)
51
GSK vaccine
HR-HPV 16 and 18 (70%)
52
vaccination for HPV 16 and 18 will
reduce abnormal cytologies reduce cases of CIN
53
Three types of HPV vaccines available and the types they go after
GlaxoSmithKline (Ceravix) - 16 and 18 Merck (Gardasil) - 6, 11, 16, 18 Gardasil 9 - 6, 11, 16, 31, 33, 45, 52, and 58
54
How many cervical cancers are prevented by bivalent and quadrivalent vaccines?
71%
55
How many cervical cancers are prevented by nanovalent vaccines?
90%
56
when is routine vaccination for HPV recommended?
at 11-12 years old (only 2 doses are needed) after 15 3 doses are needed
57
when is the completion of the HPV series recommended by?
age 26
58
which HPV vaccination is recommended for men?
Gardasil quadrivalent
59
Gardasil administration of 3 doses
0, 2 and 6 months
60
Gardasil recommendations for ages to get the series
women: ages 9 through 26 men: age 9 through 26
61
prevention of genital warts
abstinence and condom use
62
2 opportunities to prevent cervical cancer
prophylactic HPV vaccination cervical screening and treatment
63
HPV infection is responsible for
approximately 91% of anal cancers
64
which type of HPV is the most common high risk type among individuals with or without HIV
16
65
most common area affected by HPV
squamo-columnar junction
66
what is the significance of HPV infection?
cervical cancer, genital warts, anal cancer
67
why is a vaccine for HPV challenging?
there are so many types of HPV (150)
68
who should be vaccinated for HPV?
mostly women, but males also from ages 9 - 26

Immunology and Microbiology (22 decks)

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