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Immunology and Microbiology > HPV (Exam 2) > Flashcards

HPV (Exam 2) Flashcards

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1
Q

Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) causes

A

warts

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2
Q

How many types of HPV cause genital HPV?

A

30 out of 150 types

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3
Q

How is HPV spread

A

sexual contact
mother to fetus

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4
Q

how long after contact do genital warts appear?

A

6 weeks to 8 months

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5
Q

Three main regions of HPV

A

early
late
long control

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6
Q

early region

A

encodes the transformation and immortalization potential

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7
Q

Late region

A

two capsid genes

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8
Q

long control region

A

contains all the cis-regulatory elements

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9
Q

HPV is the most

A

common sexually transmitted diseases worldwide

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10
Q

2 subcategories of HPV

A

genital warts
cervical dysplasia

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11
Q

the papillomaviruses are part of the

A

papovaviridae family of DNA tumor viruses

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12
Q

In 1942

A

the Pap smear was invented

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13
Q

in 1951

A

HeLa cell line with HPV

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14
Q

in 1975

A

Zur Hausen hypothesizes HPV causes cervical cancer

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15
Q

in 1982

A

first HPVs cloned

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16
Q

in 1989

A

E7 binds RB

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17
Q

in 1990

A

E6 binds p53

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18
Q

in 1995

A

FDA approves the first diagnostic test

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19
Q

in 2006,

A

FDA approves vaccine for HPV

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20
Q

Papilloma virus genome is

A

circular covalently close dsDNA about 8 kbp
55 nm in diameter

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21
Q

HPV has extreme specificity for

A

infection of epithelial cells

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22
Q

HPV infection normally results in

A

hyper proliferation of the host cell
may lead to transformation and immortalization (cancer)

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23
Q

HPV is the commonest cancer in

A

Sub-Saharan Africa and parts of South America

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24
Q

genital warts

A

soft, moist or flesh colored in genital area
condylomata acuminata

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25
Q

where do genital warts appear in women and men?

A

women: vulva, cervix, vagina, anus
men: scrotum, penis

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26
Q

life cycle of HPV

A

infection of the host cell –> DNA released in nucleus –> numerous cellular transcription factors interact with non-coding viral regulatory region (LCR) –> transcription of 2 hpv-16 transforming early genes (E6 and E7)

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27
Q

p53 and RB are

A

tumor suppressor proteins

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28
Q

Which main HPV types cause papillary condylomas

A

6 and 11

29
Q

Which main types of HPV are considered high risk and have been found in cervical and other lower genital tract cancers

A

16, 18, 31 and 33

30
Q

HPV 16 and 18

A

cause the most cases of cervical cancer

31
Q

HPV types are very

A

similar in homology (DNA relatedness)

32
Q

cytology (Pap smear)

A

cells under a microscope
has great specificity but sensitivity is only 51%

33
Q

pap testing has

A

decreased the incidence and mortality of cervical cancer

34
Q

for adolescents under 21,

A

do not screen
cervical cancer is rare

35
Q

for young women 21 to 29 years old

A

screen every 3 years
prevalence is 50%, cancer rates are low

36
Q

for women 30-65 years old,

A

screen with cytology every 3 years or screen every 5 years with hrHPV contesting
cancer prevalence increases to 24/100,000 after age 30

37
Q

for women over 65 years old,

A

do not screen
transformation zone is smaller with less exposure to HPV

38
Q

what age should cervical cancer screening start?

A

25 years old

39
Q

people between ages 25 and 65

A

should get a primary HPV test done every 5 years or a Pap test every 3 years

40
Q

hologic diagnostic

A

detects 14 high risk HPV
amplify target, shuffle through DNA and RNA

41
Q

roche diagnostic

A

multiplex real time PCR
detects 14 high risk
Taq man probes

42
Q

HPV treatment for warts

A

podofilox gel
imiquimod cream
chemical treatments
cryotherapy
laser therapy
electrosurgery
surgery
interferon

43
Q

cure for HPV

A

NO CURE :(
you carry the virus for life

44
Q

How does HPV cause cancer

A

it integrates into the host genome and produces E6 and E7 proteins –> malignant transformation occurs

45
Q

E6 and E7 proteins

A

E6 binds and degrades p53
E7 binds and degrades retinoblastoma

46
Q

Gardasil

A

target HPV types 16 and 18 (cancer)
targets HPV types 6 and 11 (warts)

47
Q

how many doses of the HPV vaccine are required and at what time intervals?

A

3 doses
T- 0
T - 1 month
T - 6 months

48
Q

early vaccination of HPV is

A

more effective than later vaccination

49
Q

are patients protected when they get the vaccine and have already had an abnormal pap?

A

NO!!! (sorry)

50
Q

Merck vaccine

A

HR-HPV 16 and 18 (70% cervical cancers)
LR-HPV 6 and 11 (90% warts)

51
Q

GSK vaccine

A

HR-HPV 16 and 18 (70%)

52
Q

vaccination for HPV 16 and 18 will

A

reduce abnormal cytologies
reduce cases of CIN

53
Q

Three types of HPV vaccines available and the types they go after

A

GlaxoSmithKline (Ceravix) - 16 and 18
Merck (Gardasil) - 6, 11, 16, 18
Gardasil 9 - 6, 11, 16, 31, 33, 45, 52, and 58

54
Q

How many cervical cancers are prevented by bivalent and quadrivalent vaccines?

A

71%

55
Q

How many cervical cancers are prevented by nanovalent vaccines?

A

90%

56
Q

when is routine vaccination for HPV recommended?

A

at 11-12 years old (only 2 doses are needed)
after 15 3 doses are needed

57
Q

when is the completion of the HPV series recommended by?

A

age 26

58
Q

which HPV vaccination is recommended for men?

A

Gardasil quadrivalent

59
Q

Gardasil administration of 3 doses

A

0, 2 and 6 months

60
Q

Gardasil recommendations for ages to get the series

A

women: ages 9 through 26
men: age 9 through 26

61
Q

prevention of genital warts

A

abstinence and condom use

62
Q

2 opportunities to prevent cervical cancer

A

prophylactic HPV vaccination
cervical screening and treatment

63
Q

HPV infection is responsible for

A

approximately 91% of anal cancers

64
Q

which type of HPV is the most common high risk type among individuals with or without HIV

A

16

65
Q

most common area affected by HPV

A

squamo-columnar junction

66
Q

what is the significance of HPV infection?

A

cervical cancer, genital warts, anal cancer

67
Q

why is a vaccine for HPV challenging?

A

there are so many types of HPV (150)

68
Q

who should be vaccinated for HPV?

A

mostly women, but males also
from ages 9 - 26

Immunology and Microbiology (20 decks)

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