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Herpes Virus Flashcards

1
Q

can herpesviruses be distinguished from each other via electron microscopy?

A

NO!

they have identical morphology

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2
Q

properties of herpesviruses

A

enveloped double stranded DNA viruses - 150kb
latent/persisten infections

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3
Q

3 subfamilies of herpesviruses

A

alphaherpesviruses (HSV1 and 2)
betaherpesviruses (CMV)
gammaherpesviruses (HHV-8)

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4
Q

reactivation of herpesviruses is more likely to take place during

A

periods of immunosuppression

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5
Q

the genome of HSV-1 and HSV-2 share

A

50% to 70% homology

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6
Q

the natural host for HSV

A

humans

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7
Q

why is there a challenge for a vaccine for herpesviruses?

A

there is lots of variation

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8
Q

four layers of herpesviruses

A

ds DNA genome
icosapentahedral capsid
tegument
envelope

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9
Q

what is tegument?

A

amorphous protein coat
additional protection

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10
Q

the herpesvirus genome is replicated

A

by the virus encoded DNA polymerase

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11
Q

infections of human herpesvirus are

A

LIFELONG :(

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12
Q

herpesvirus establishes latency in

A

the craniospinal ganglia

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13
Q

alphaherpesvirinae

A

Human herpesvirus 1 - simplex 1
Human herpesvirus 2 - simplex 2
Human herpesvirus 3 - Varicella zoster

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14
Q

Gammaherpesvirinae

A

Human herpesvirus 4 - Epsteinbarr birus
Human herpesvirus 8 - Kapok’s sarcoma

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15
Q

Betaherpevirinae

A

Human herpesvirus 5 - CMV
Human herpesvirus 6 - sixth disease
Human herpesvirus 7

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16
Q

how is HSV spread?

A

by contact
shed in saliva, tears, genital and other secretions

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17
Q

most common cause for infection of HSV

A

kiss given to child from a person shedding the virus

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18
Q

what percent of the population acquires HSV infection through the genital route?

A

10%

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19
Q

HSV-1 establishes latency in

A

the trigeminal nerve ganglion

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20
Q

HSV is involved in a variety of clinical manifestations which includes

A

acute gingivostomatitis
herpes labialis - cold sores
ocular herpes
herpes genitalis
cutaneous herpes
meningitis
encephalitis
neonatal herpes

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21
Q

herpesviruses simplex 1 and 2 target

A

sensory neurons

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22
Q

what is the prevalence of HSV-2?

A

it is 2nd in terms of prevalence relative to HPV

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23
Q

Pregnant women with genital herpes should

A

talk to their doctor
it can be passed to the child during childbirth

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24
Q

attacks of HSV 1 and 2 can be brought on by

A

illness
fatigue
stress
immunosuppression
trauma to the affected area
menstruation

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25
is there a cure or vaccines for HSV-1 and 2?
NO!
26
treatments for HSV-1 and 2
topical anesthetics (lidocaine) - itching and pain prescription strength medications (acyclovir) - reduce healing time and pain otc treatments
27
otc treatments for HSV 1 and 2
abreva (docosanol 10%) shortens duration, does not cure
28
acyclovir comes in
patches, tablets, and cream
29
mechanism of action of acyclovir
chain terminator that competes with natural GTP for incorporation into viral DNA
30
how can acyclovir incorporate into viral DNA?
it is converted from acyclovir monophosphate to triphosphate nucleotides are also triphosphates
31
common side effects of acyclovir and valacyclovir
photosensitivity nausea vomiting
32
Varicella-Zoster (HHV-3)
chicken pox incubation: 14-16 days highly contagious symptoms: itchy, malaise, fever
33
chickenpox vaccine led to
a 90% reduction in deaths
34
treatment for HHV-3
calamine lotion NON-aspirin fever reducers acyclovir
35
HHV-3 remains
dormant in dorsal root ganglia for years
36
when does HHV-3 reactivate?
later in life, usually in persons older than 50 years
37
one out of _____ people 60 years or older will get shingles
three
38
is there treatment of cure for the severe pain caused by shingles?
NO!
39
shingles may also lead to serious complications such as
pneumonia hearing problems complication involving the eye
40
postherpetic neuralgia
severe pain in the area where shingles rash occurred can last weeks to months 10-13% of patients
41
Shingrix
more than 90% effective at preventing shingles and long term nerve pain
42
shingle specific counseling points
avoid contact with people who have not had chickenpox or vaccine wear loose fitting clothing cover lesions avoid the use of topical creams and adhesive dressings keep the rash clean and dry avoid sharing clothing/towels avoid direct sunlight
43
HHV-5 and 6 are spread by
saliva and secretions
44
HHV-5 (cytomegalovirus)
infects epithelial cells, macrophages and T cells causes cells to fuse to form giant cells symptoms mimic mononucleosis
45
______% of adults over 40 have had a CMV infection
80%
46
CMV infection in an HIV+ individual is
a MEDICAL EMERGENCY
47
when CMV infection becomes active during pregnancy, the virus can
cross the placenta
48
10% of infected babies have symptoms at birth such as
prematurity jaundice purplish rash seizures pneumonia
49
diagnosis of CMV
PCR test for viral DNA in blood
50
treatment of CMV
ganciclovir (nucleoside)
51
HHV-6 (sixth disease)
commonly seen during childhood (6 months - 2 years old) fever contagious (when fever is present)
52
treatment for HHV-6
Non aspirin fever reducer such as an NSAID
53
why do we not use aspirin with a viral illness?
Reye syndrome
54
HHV-4 (espstein barr virus)
infects B cells (lymphocytes)
55
HHV-4 can cause
Hodgkins disease lymphoma multiple sclerosis infectious mononucleosis immune deficiency
56
symptoms of Epstein Barr virus
fatigue fever swollen lymph nodes swollen liver rash
57
treatment for Epstein Barr virus
rest hydration OTC remedies for pain and fever (non aspirin)
58
HHV-8 (Kaposi's Sarcoma)
causes one of the most common cancers affecting persons with HIV/AIDS
59
sole treatment of HHV-8
HAART in non-visceral KS
60
eye infections caused by
herpes simplex virus
61
gingivostomatitis caused by
herpes simplex type 1
62
pharyngitis caused by
epstein barr virus cytomegalovirus
63
skin infections caused by
varicella zoster virus human herpesvirus 6
64
sexually transmitted diseases
herpes simplex type 2

Immunology and Microbiology (22 decks)

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